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Vestigial-like family member 3 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the VGLL3 gene. [ 5 ] This protein is one of four mammalian homologs (VGLL1-4) of the vestigial gene found in the fruit fly Drosophila . [ 6 ]
The products of these genes are used in the regulation of morphological features between the wing and the haltere. Ubx also selectively represses one enhancer of the vestigial genes in the proximodistal axis. This gene is important for the development of hindwings in Lepidoptera, and leg development in larvae. [6]
Since the discovery of the vestigial gene in Drosophila melanogaster, there have been many discoveries of the vestigial gene in other vertebrates and their functions within the vertebrates. [70] The vestigial gene is considered to be one of the most important genes for wing formation, but when it becomes over expressed the issue of ectopic ...
In humans, the vermiform appendix is sometimes called a vestigial structure as it has lost much of its ancestral digestive function.. Vestigiality is the retention, during the process of evolution, of genetically determined structures or attributes that have lost some or all of the ancestral function in a given species. [1]
The four Vestigial-like (VGLL) proteins are able to interact with all TEADs. [23] The precise function of TEAD and VGLL interaction is still poorly understood. It has been shown that TEAD/VGLL1 complexes promote anchorage-independent cell proliferation in prostate cancer cell lines suggesting a role in cancer progression. [24]
FlyBase is an online bioinformatics database and the primary repository of genetic and molecular data for the insect family Drosophilidae. [1] For the most extensively studied species and model organism, Drosophila melanogaster, a wide range of data are presented in different formats.
TEAD1 and the phosphoprotein MAX interact in vivo and in vitro. Once this complex is formed, these two proteins can regulate the alpha-myosin heavy chain (α-MHC) gene expression. [43] The four Vestigial-like (VGLL) proteins are able to interact with all TEADs. [44] The precise function of TEAD and VGLL interaction is still poorly understood.
The 5′-most gene of the achaete-scute complex, achaete (short form ac), is a small gene of less than 1000 bp. The Achaete protein is 201 amino acids long and has a relative size of 23 kDa . [ 3 ] As with most classically described Drosophila genes, achaete is named for its mutant phenotype, which is the lack of sensory hairs (macrochaetae and ...