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The French Revolution had a major impact on western history, by ending feudalism in France and creating a path for advances in individual freedoms throughout Europe. [227] [2] The revolution represented the most significant challenge to political absolutism up to that point in history and spread democratic ideals throughout Europe and ...
1848: The Revolutions of 1848 were a wave of failed liberal and republican revolutions that swept through Europe. The French Revolution of 1848 led to the creation of the French Second Republic. The Revolutions of 1848 in the Italian states. The Revolutions of 1848 in the German states. The Revolutions of 1848 in the Austrian Empire
Cobban, Alfred. "The Beginning of the French Revolution" History 30#111 (1945), pp. 90–98; online. Doyle, William. The Oxford History of the French Revolution (3rd ed. 2018) excerpt; Mignet, François, Member of the Institute of France, History of the French Revolution, from 1789 to 1814, Bell & Daldy, London, 1873. Popkin, Jeremy.
The lawful revolution: Louis Kossuth and the Hungarians, 1848-1849. New York: Columbia University Press. ISBN 978-0-231-04602-2. Hahn, Hans Joachim (2001). The 1848 revolutions in German-speaking Europe. Themes in modern German history series (1. ed.). Harlow ; Munich: Longman. ISBN 978-0-582-35765-5. Hamerow, Theodore S. (October 1954 ...
This is a list of conflicts in Europe ordered chronologically, including wars between European states, civil wars within European states, wars between a European state and a non-European state that took place within Europe, militarized interstate disputes, and global conflicts in which Europe was a theatre of war.
When the French Revolution started at the end of the 18th century the European continent had five great powers, these being Great Britain, France, Austria, Russia, and Prussia. Weak European states included Sweden , Spain , Poland , Holland , and Turkey .
The German Revolution however proved decisive in abdication of the German Kaiser, as well the end of the German Empire and as such came to shape the political future of Europe. [3] It also helped convince lawmakers in the U.K. to start lifting the crippling embargo on the country. [7]
1789: Beginning of the French Revolution and end of the absolute monarchy in France. 1792–1802: French Revolutionary Wars. 1799: Napoleon comes to power, eventually consolidating his position as Emperor of the French. 1803–1815: Napoleonic Wars end in defeat of Napoleon. 1806: Napoleon abolishes the Holy Roman Empire.