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  2. Credulity - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Credulity

    Credulity is a person's willingness or ability to believe that a statement is true, especially on minimal or uncertain evidence. [1] [2] Credulity is not necessarily a belief in something that may be false: the subject of the belief may even be correct, but a credulous person will believe it without good evidence.

  3. Opposite - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Opposite

    The term antonym (and the related antonymy) is commonly taken to be synonymous with opposite, but antonym also has other more restricted meanings. Graded (or gradable) antonyms are word pairs whose meanings are opposite and which lie on a continuous spectrum (hot, cold).

  4. Unpaired word - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unpaired_word

    An unpaired word is one that, according to the usual rules of the language, would appear to have a related word but does not. [1] Such words usually have a prefix or suffix that would imply that there is an antonym, with the prefix or suffix being absent or opposite.

  5. Strong-basis-in-evidence standard - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strong-basis-in-evidence...

    In United States law, City of Richmond v. J.A. Croson Co. (1989) established the basic principle that a governmental actor must provide a strong basis in evidence for its conclusion that remedial action is necessary. The application of this rule has produced conflicting results. [1]

  6. Affirmative defense - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Affirmative_defense

    It can either be proved by clear and convincing evidence or by a preponderance of the evidence. In this respect, affirmative defenses differ from ordinary defenses [claim of right, alibi, infancy, necessity, and self-defense (which is an affirmative defense at common law)], which the prosecution has the burden of disproving beyond a reasonable ...

  7. Inference - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inference

    Ref: Oxford English dictionary: "induction ... 3. Logic the inference of a general law from particular instances." [clarification needed]) The definition given thus applies only when the "conclusion" is general. Two possible definitions of "inference" are: A conclusion reached on the basis of evidence and reasoning.

  8. Rationality - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rationality

    For example, the practical reason of loyalty to one's child may demand the belief that they are innocent while the evidence linking them to the crime may demand a belief in their guilt on the theoretical level. [12] [68] But the two domains also overlap in certain ways. For example, the norm of rationality known as enkrasia links beliefs and ...

  9. A priori and a posteriori - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A_priori_and_a_posteriori

    For example, the proposition that water is H 2 O (if it is true): According to Kripke, this statement is both necessarily true, because water and H 2 O are the same thing, they are identical in every possible world, and truths of identity are logically necessary; and a posteriori, because it is known only through empirical investigation.