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  2. Pledge (law) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pledge_(law)

    The pledge is a type of security interest. [4] [5] Pledge is the pignus of Roman law, from which most of the modern European-based law on the subject is derived, but is generally a feature of even the most basic legal systems. [3] A pledge of personal property is known as a pawn.

  3. Negative pledge - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Negative_pledge

    In Australia, negative pledge lending took off after a substantial deal by Pioneer Concrete in 1978. [1] It was a new way of lending, which allowed the banks to lend to corporations, something previously the domain of life insurers. Negative pledge clauses are almost universal in modern unsecured commercial loan documents.

  4. Collateral (finance) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Collateral_(finance)

    In lending agreements, collateral is a borrower's pledge of specific property to a lender, to secure repayment of a loan. [1] [2] The collateral serves as a lender's protection against a borrower's default and so can be used to offset the loan if the borrower fails to pay the principal and interest satisfactorily under the terms of the lending ...

  5. Security interest - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Security_interest

    In finance, a security interest is a legal right granted by a debtor to a creditor over the debtor's property (usually referred to as the collateral [1]) which enables the creditor to have recourse to the property if the debtor defaults in making payment or otherwise performing the secured obligations. [2]

  6. Perfection (law) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perfection_(law)

    For example, under a common-law pledge (or pawn), the right to enforce the sale of the asset is contingent upon the possession of that asset: an agreement that leaves the debtor in possession of the pledged collateral does not give rise to an enforceable security interest.

  7. Security agreement - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Security_agreement

    The security agreement must be authenticated by the debtor, meaning that it must either bear the debtor's signature, or it must be electronically marked. It must contain a reasonable description of the collateral, and must use words showing an intent to create a security interest (the right to seek repayment of the loan by foreclosing on the ...

  8. Secured loan - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Secured_loan

    A mortgage loan is a secured loan in which the collateral is property, such as a home.; A nonrecourse loan is a secured loan where the collateral is the only security or claim the creditor has against the borrower, and the creditor has no further recourse against the borrower for any deficiency remaining after foreclosure against the property.

  9. Collateral management - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Collateral_management

    In the modern banking industry collateral is mostly used in over the counter (OTC) trades. However, collateral management has evolved rapidly in the last 15–20 years with increasing use of new technologies, competitive pressures in the institutional finance industry, and heightened counterparty risk from the wide use of derivatives ...