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  2. Neuron - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neuron

    Structure of a typical neuron with Schwann cells in the peripheral nervous system Neurons are highly specialized for the processing and transmission of cellular signals. Given the diversity of functions performed in different parts of the nervous system, there is a wide variety in their shape, size, and electrochemical properties.

  3. Brain cell - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brain_cell

    There are many types of neuron, and several types of glial cell. Neurons are the excitable cells of the brain that function by communicating with other neurons and interneurons (via synapses), in neural circuits and larger brain networks.

  4. Dendrite - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dendrite

    The structure and branching of a neuron's dendrites, as well as the availability and variation of voltage-gated ion conductance, strongly influences how the neuron integrates the input from other neurons. This integration is both temporal, involving the summation of stimuli that arrive in rapid succession, as well as spatial, entailing the ...

  5. Schwann cell - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schwann_cell

    Schwann cells or neurolemmocytes (named after German physiologist Theodor Schwann) are the principal glia of the peripheral nervous system (PNS). Glial cells function to support neurons and in the PNS, also include satellite cells, olfactory ensheathing cells, enteric glia and glia that reside at sensory nerve endings, such as the Pacinian corpuscle.

  6. Axon - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Axon

    Structure of a typical neuron in the peripheral nervous system A dissected human brain, showing grey matter and white matter. Axons are the primary transmission lines of the nervous system, and as bundles they form nerves in the peripheral nervous system, or nerve tracts in the central nervous system (CNS).

  7. Active zone - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Active_zone

    A diagram of the proteins found in the active zone. The active zone is present in all chemical synapses examined so far and is present in all animal species. The active zones examined so far have at least two features in common, they all have protein dense material that project from the membrane and tethers synaptic vesicles close to the membrane and they have long filamentous projections ...

  8. Nissl body - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nissl_body

    Nissl bodies occur in the somata and dendrites of neurons, though not in the axon or axon hillock. [6] They vary in size, shape, and intracellular location; they are most conspicuous in the motor neurons of the spinal cord and brainstem, where they appear as large, blocky assemblies. [5]

  9. Cortical column - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cortical_column

    A cortical column is a group of neurons forming a cylindrical structure through the cerebral cortex of the brain perpendicular to the cortical surface. [1] The structure was first identified by Vernon Benjamin Mountcastle in 1957. He later identified minicolumns as the basic units of the neocortex which were arranged into columns. [2]