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Hepatitis C testing typically begins with blood testing to detect the presence of antibodies to the HCV, using an enzyme immunoassay. [16] If this test is positive, a confirmatory test is then performed to verify the immunoassay and to determine the viral load . [ 16 ]
Microsomal antibody Antigen Disease anti-LKM 1: cytochrome P450 2D6: autoimmune hepatitis type II and chronic hepatitis C (10%) anti-LKM 2: cytochrome P450 2C9: drug-induced hepatitis (tienilic acid–induced) anti-LKM 3: cytochrome P450 1A2: chronic active hepatitis in association with autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome type 1; [1] hepatitis D
However, since hepatitis C is known to have been present since at least the 1940s, a gamma globulin shot received prior to the early 1990s put the recipient at risk of being infected. Intravenous gamma globulin was FDA-approved in 2004 to reduce antibodies in a patient with kidney failure to allow that person to accept a kidney from a donor ...
The hepatitis C virus (HCV) [3] is a small (55–65 nm in size), enveloped, positive-sense single-stranded RNA virus of the family Flaviviridae. The hepatitis C virus is the cause of hepatitis C and some cancers such as liver cancer ( hepatocellular carcinoma , abbreviated HCC) and lymphomas in humans.
“Hepatitis C is a blood-borne virus,” says Dr. Dieterich. “It is transmitted through the blood, so IV drug use is a major driver of the virus, especially now due to the heroin epidemic.
Chronic hepatitis C progresses towards cirrhosis, with estimates of cirrhosis prevalence of 16% at 20 years after infection. [125] While the major causes of mortality in hepatitis C is end stage liver disease, hepatocellular carcinoma is an important additional long term complication and cause of death in chronic hepatitis.
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