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Salience (also called saliency, from Latin saliō meaning “leap, spring” [1]) is the property by which some thing stands out.Salient events are an attentional mechanism by which organisms learn and survive; those organisms can focus their limited perceptual and cognitive resources on the pertinent (that is, salient) subset of the sensory data available to them.
The salience network is theorized to mediate switching between the default mode network and central executive network. [1] [2]The salience network (SN), also known anatomically as the midcingulo-insular network (M-CIN) or ventral attention network, is a large scale network of the human brain that is primarily composed of the anterior insula (AI) and dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dACC).
Incentive salience is the attractive form of motivational salience that causes approach behavior, and is associated with operant reinforcement, desirable outcomes, and pleasurable stimuli. [ 2 ] [ 3 ] Aversive salience (sometimes known as fearful salience [ 4 ] ) is the aversive form of motivational salience that causes avoidance behavior, and ...
Salience bias, the tendency to focus on items that are more prominent or emotionally striking and ignore those that are unremarkable, even though this difference is often irrelevant by objective standards.
The reward system (the mesocorticolimbic circuit) is a group of neural structures responsible for incentive salience (i.e., "wanting"; desire or craving for a reward and motivation), associative learning (primarily positive reinforcement and classical conditioning), and positively-valenced emotions, particularly ones involving pleasure as a core component (e.g., joy, euphoria and ecstasy).
And with memes, emotional salience is sometimes enough to drive a sharp run-up, even if it means a highly volatile ride for holders, and even if prices tend to be just as fickle as people's emotions.
The posterior cingulate cortex has also been firmly linked to emotional salience. [6] [7] Thus, it has been hypothesized that the emotional importance of autobiographical memories may contribute to the strength and consistency of activity in the PCC upon successful recollection of these memories. [6]
The presence of neurofibrillary tangles in the brain is one of the key hallmarks of Alzheimer’s disease. These irregular clumps of protein are closely associated with disease progression.