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  2. Helicity (particle physics) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helicity_(particle_physics)

    The helicity of a particle is positive (" right-handed") if the direction of its spin is the same as the direction of its motion and negative ("left-handed") if opposite. Helicity is conserved. [1] That is, the helicity commutes with the Hamiltonian, and thus, in the absence of external forces, is time-invariant. It is also rotationally ...

  3. Stokes parameters - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stokes_parameters

    The Stokes I, Q, U and V parameters. The Stokes parameters are a set of values that describe the polarization state of electromagnetic radiation.They were defined by George Gabriel Stokes in 1851, [1] [2] as a mathematically convenient alternative to the more common description of incoherent or partially polarized radiation in terms of its total intensity (I), (fractional) degree of ...

  4. List of conversion factors - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_conversion_factors

    See Weight for detail of mass/weight distinction and conversion. Avoirdupois is a system of mass based on a pound of 16 ounces, while Troy weight is the system of mass where 12 troy ounces equals one troy pound. The symbol g 0 is used to denote standard gravity in order to avoid confusion with the (upright) g symbol for gram.

  5. Scherrer equation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scherrer_Equation

    is the mean size of the ordered (crystalline) domains, which may be smaller or equal to the grain size, which may be smaller or equal to the particle size; is a dimensionless shape factor, with a value close to unity. The shape factor has a typical value of about 0.9, but varies with the actual shape of the crystallite;

  6. F-factor (conversion factor) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/F-factor_(conversion_factor)

    In diagnostic radiology, the F-factor is the conversion factor between exposure to ionizing radiation and the absorbed dose from that radiation. In other words, it converts between the amount of ionization in air ( roentgens or, in SI units , coulombs per kilogram of absorber material) and the absorbed dose in air ( rads or grays ).

  7. Hydrodynamical helicity - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrodynamical_helicity

    Helicity is a pseudo-scalar quantity: it changes sign under change from a right-handed to a left-handed frame of reference; it can be considered as a measure of the handedness (or chirality) of the flow. Helicity is one of the four known integral invariants of the Euler equations; the other three are energy, momentum and angular momentum.

  8. Bust/waist/hip measurements - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bust/waist/hip_measurements

    In human body measurement, these three sizes are the circumferences of the bust, waist and hips; usually rendered as xx–yy–zz in inches, or centimeters. The three sizes are used mostly in fashion , and almost exclusively in reference to women, [ 1 ] who, compared to men, are more likely to have a narrow waist relative to their hips.

  9. Hazen–Williams equation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hazen–Williams_equation

    The conversion factor k was chosen so that the values for C were the same as in the Chézy formula for the typical hydraulic slope of S=0.001. [9] The value of k is 0.001 −0.04. [10] Typical C factors used in design, which take into account some increase in roughness as pipe ages are as follows: [11]