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GCHQ has released documents claiming they had developed public key cryptography before the publication of Diffie and Hellman's paper. [39] Various classified papers were written at GCHQ during the 1960s and 1970s which eventually led to schemes essentially identical to RSA encryption and to Diffie–Hellman key exchange in 1973 and 1974.
1989 – Quantum cryptography experimentally demonstrated in a proof-of-the-principle experiment by Charles Bennett et al. 1991 – Phil Zimmermann releases the public key encryption program PGP along with its source code, which quickly appears on the Internet. 1994 – Bruce Schneier's Applied Cryptography is published.
William Hamilton Martin and Bernon F. Mitchell, U.S. National Security Agency cryptologists who defected to the Soviet Union in 1960; Leo Marks UK, SOE cryptography director, author and playwright. Donald Michie UK, GC&CS, Bletchley Park worked on Cryptanalysis of the Lorenz cipher and the Colossus computer.
The multinational control of the export of cryptography on the Western side of the cold war divide was done via the mechanisms of CoCom. By the 1960s, however, financial organizations were beginning to require strong commercial encryption on the rapidly growing field of wired money transfer.
It did not become practical for widespread use until reasonable compact speech encoders became possible in the mid-1960s. The first tactical secure voice equipment was the NESTOR family, used with limited success during the Vietnam war. Other NSA voice systems include: [1]: Vol I, p.57ff
The export of cryptography from the United States to other countries has experienced various levels of restrictions over time. [2] World War II illustrated that code-breaking and cryptography can play an integral part in national security and the ability to prosecute war. Changes in technology and the preservation of free speech have been ...
In 1955, the AFSAM-7 was renamed TSEC/KL-7, following the new standard crypto nomenclature. It was the most widely used crypto machine in the US armed forces until the mid-1960s and was the first machine capable of supporting large networks that was considered secure against known plaintext attack. Some 25,000 machines were in use in the mid-1960s.
Other services demanded KW-26's and some 14000 units were eventually built, beginning in the early 1960s, for the U.S. Navy, Army, Air Force, Defense Communications Agency, State Department and the CIA. It was provided to U.S. allies as well. When the USS Pueblo was captured by North Korea in 1968, KW-26's were on board. In response, the NSA ...