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Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA and mDNA) is the DNA located in the mitochondria organelles in a eukaryotic cell that converts chemical energy from food into adenosine triphosphate (ATP). Mitochondrial DNA is a small portion of the DNA contained in a eukaryotic cell; most of the DNA is in the cell nucleus , and, in plants and algae, the DNA also is ...
The mitochondrion is a component of a human cell, and contains its own DNA. Mitochondrial DNA usually has 16,569 base pairs (the number can vary slightly depending on addition or deletion mutations) [24] and is much smaller than the human genome DNA which has 3.2 billion base pairs. Mitochondrial DNA is transmitted from mother to child, as it ...
Although unlike nuclear DNA, mtDNA is not specific to one individual, it can be used in combination with other evidence (anthropological evidence, circumstantial evidence, and the like) to establish identification. mtDNA is also used to exclude possible matches between missing persons and unidentified remains. [26]
DNA profiling (also called DNA fingerprinting and genetic fingerprinting) is the process of determining an individual's deoxyribonucleic acid characteristics. DNA analysis intended to identify a species, rather than an individual, is called DNA barcoding .
Rapid DNA is a "swab in-profile out" technology that completely automates the entire DNA extraction, amplification, and analysis process. Rapid DNA instruments are able to go from a swab to a DNA profile in as little as 90 minutes and eliminates the need for trained scientists to perform the process.
MT-ND2 is located in mitochondrial DNA from base pair 4,470 to 5,511. [5] The MT-ND2 gene produces a 39 kDa protein composed of 347 amino acids. [10] [11] MT-ND2 is one of seven mitochondrial genes encoding subunits of the enzyme NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone), together with MT-ND1, MT-ND3, MT-ND4, MT-ND4L, MT-ND5, and MT-ND6.
NUMT insertion into the nuclear genome and its persistence in the nuclear genome is initiated by the physical delivery of mitochondrial DNA to the nucleus. [5] This step follows by the mtDNA integration into the genome through a non-homologous end joining mechanism during the double-strand break (DSB) repair process as envisioned by studying Saccharomyces cerevisiae, [13] [29] and terminates ...
MT-ND3 is located in human mitochondrial DNA from base pair 10,059 to 10,404. [5] The MT-ND3 gene produces a 13 kDa protein composed of 115 amino acids. [9] [10] MT-ND3 is one of seven mitochondrial genes encoding subunits of the enzyme NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone), together with MT-ND1, MT-ND2, MT-ND4, MT-ND4L, MT-ND5, and MT-ND6.