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Other measurements taken of apple varieties towards use in cider classification include pH, polyphenol composition, yeast assimilable nitrogen (YAN), [8] and soluble solid concentration (ºBrix). [18] The sharpness of an apple is affected by pH and titratable acidity. Most cultivars must reach pH levels of around 3.3 to 3.8 to aid in the ...
The pH range is commonly given as zero to 14, but a pH value can be less than 0 for very concentrated strong acids or greater than 14 for very concentrated strong bases. [2] The pH scale is traceable to a set of standard solutions whose pH is established by international agreement. [3]
Because apple juice is acidic, typically with a pH of 3.4, it can be pasteurized for less time or at lower temperatures than many other juices. For this purpose, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration recommends the following thermal processing times and temperatures in order to achieve a five- log reduction of Cryptosporidium parvum as this ...
[7] [8] In German it is named Äpfelsäure (or Apfelsäure) after plural or singular of a sour thing from the apple fruit, but the salt(s) are called Malat(e). Malic acid is the main acid in many fruits, including apricots , blackberries , blueberries , cherries , grapes , mirabelles , peaches , pears , plums , and quince , [ 9 ] and is present ...
Apple scab is spread through fungus growing in old apple leaves on the ground and spreads during warm spring weather to infect the new year's growth. [ 61 ] Among the most serious disease problems is a bacterial disease called fireblight , and three fungal diseases: Gymnosporangium rust, black spot , [ 62 ] and bitter rot . [ 63 ]
Typical levels of pectin in fresh fruits and vegetables are: Apples, 1–1.5%; Apricots, 1%; Cherries, 0.4%; Oranges, 0.5–3.5%; Carrots 1.4%; Citrus peels, 30%; Rose hips, 15% [30] The main raw materials for pectin production are dried citrus peels or apple pomace, both by-products of juice production. Pomace from sugar beets is also used to ...
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[6] [10] [full citation needed] Dietary intake of patulin from apple juice has been estimated at between 0.03 and 0.26 μg per kg body weight per day in various age groups and populations. [11] Content of patulin in apple juice is estimated to be less than 10–15 μg/L. [ 11 ] A number of studies have looked into comparisons of organic vs ...