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It is the innermost layer of the stomach. [5] It is affected by the hormone histamine, which signals it to release hydrochloric acid (HCl). Sub-mucosal layer – This layer consists of different vessels and nerves, ganglion neurons, and adipose tissue. It is the second layer of the stomach and supports the mucosa. [6]
The stomach is involved in the gastric phase of digestion, following the cephalic phase in which the sight and smell of food and the act of chewing are stimuli. In the stomach a chemical breakdown of food takes place by means of secreted digestive enzymes and gastric acid. The stomach is located between the esophagus and the small intestine.
In human anatomy, the intestine (bowel or gut; Greek: éntera) is the segment of the gastrointestinal tract extending from the pyloric sphincter of the stomach to the anus and as in other mammals, consists of two segments: the small intestine and the large intestine.
The pylorus of the stomach has a thickened portion of the inner circular layer: the pyloric sphincter. Alone among the GI tract, the stomach has a third layer of muscular layer. This is the inner oblique layer and helps churn the chyme in the stomach.
Histology image: 11103loa – Histology Learning System at Boston University - "Digestive System: Alimentary Canal: esophageal/stomach junction" Slideshow at trinity.edu Archived 2007-09-27 at the Wayback Machine; Slide at pathology.iupui.edu; Slide at ucsd.edu Archived 2019-06-16 at the Wayback Machine; Slide at nhmccd.edu
Rugae folds behind the anterior teeth in the hard palate of the mouth. In anatomy, rugae (sg.: ruga) are a series of ridges produced by folding of the wall of an organ. [1]In general, rugae are a biological feature found in many organisms, serving purposes such as increasing surface area, flexibility, or structural support.
In 1497, Alessandro Benedetti viewed the stomach as an unclean organ separated off by the diaphragm. This view of the stomach and intestines as being base organs was generally held until the mid-17th century. [53] In the Renaissance of the 16th century, Leonardo da Vinci produced some early drawings of the stomach and intestines.
The muscularis mucosae (or lamina muscularis mucosae) is a thin layer of muscle of the gastrointestinal tract, located outside the lamina propria, and separating it from the submucosa.