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Vulnerability refers to "the quality or state of being exposed to the possibility of being attacked or harmed, either physically or emotionally." [ 1 ] The understanding of social and environmental vulnerability, as a methodological approach, involves the analysis of the risks and assets of disadvantaged groups , such as the elderly.
The classical definition of naval survivability includes three main aspects, which are susceptibility, vulnerability, and recoverability; although, recoverability is often subsumed within vulnerability. [7] [3] Susceptibility consists of all the factors that expose the ship to the weapons effects in a combat environment. These factors in ...
A more expansive definition of social vulnerability from Li et al. [10] highlights multiple scales of vulnerability: Social vulnerability encompasses all social practices, structures, or positions within the sets of relations and hierarchies that render individuals, groups, or societies unable to respond or adapt to harms.
It should not be confused with vulnerability, which takes into account both the effect of exposure and the likelihood of exposure. [ 2 ] For example, a plant species may be highly susceptible to a particular plant disease, meaning that exposed populations invariably become extinct or decline heavily.
Climate change vulnerability, vulnerability to anthropogenic climate change used in discussion of society's response to climate change; Vulnerable, a scoring feature of the game of contract bridge where larger bonuses and penalties apply; see Glossary of contract bridge terms#Vulnerable
The words gullible and credulous are commonly used as synonyms. Goepp & Kay (1984) state that while both words mean "unduly trusting or confiding", gullibility stresses being duped or made a fool of, suggesting a lack of intelligence, whereas credulity stresses uncritically forming beliefs, suggesting a lack of skepticism. [4]
Climate change vulnerability is defined as the "propensity or predisposition to be adversely affected" by climate change. It can apply to humans but also to natural systems , and both are interdependent. [1]: 12 Vulnerability is a component of climate risk. Vulnerability will be higher if the capacity to cope and adapt is low. [1]: 5
Social security is one such example. Moreover, economists have argued that universalism is an investment in human capital that aids the development of a nation as a whole. [ 21 ] The World Bank 's 2019 World Development Report The Changing Nature of Work [ 22 ] considers social protection from this perspective, describing existing schemes ...