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Also that year, anti-suffrage opponents started to speak out against women's suffrage and in 1916, organized the Texas Association Opposed to Woman Suffrage (TAOWS). TESA, under the political leadership of Minnie Fisher Cunningham and with the support of Governor William P. Hobby , suffragists began to make further gains in achieving their goals.
Legacies: A History Journal for Dallas and North Central Texas. 13 (2): 30–38; Enstam, Elizabeth York (November 2002). "The Dallas Equal Suffrage Association, Political Style, and Popular Culture: Grassroots Strategies of the Woman Suffrage Movement, 1913-1919". Journal of Southern History. 68 (4): 817–848. doi:10.2307/3069775.
March Pauline Wells from Brownsville started the Texas Association Opposed to Woman Suffrage. [29] The Texas Woman Suffrage Association is renamed the Texas Equal Suffrage Association (TESA). [2] The annual convention was held in Dallas. [24] A Texas chapter of the suffrage group, the National Woman's Party is created. [3]
The Texas Woman Suffrage Association had three objectives: 1) support the national agenda as defined by NAWSA, 2) lobby for a state suffrage amendment, and 3) assist local groups in promoting the cause of women’s suffrage. Texas suffragists, like those in other southern states, were conflicted between fighting for an amendment to the state ...
Suffrage, political franchise, or simply franchise is the right to vote in public, political elections and referendums (although the term is sometimes used for any right to vote). [ 1 ] [ 2 ] [ 3 ] In some languages, and occasionally in English, the right to vote is called active suffrage , as distinct from passive suffrage , which is the right ...
In 1876, when the present Constitution of Texas was published, the delegates again refused to allow women to vote. [6] It would be more than forty years until the suffragist movement won that fight. The government of Texas again voted down universal suffrage in May, 1919, but the United States Congress passed the 19th Amendment in June, 1919.
This list of suffragists and suffragettes includes noted individuals active in the worldwide women's suffrage movement who have campaigned or strongly advocated for women's suffrage, the organisations which they formed or joined, and the publications which publicized – and, in some nations, continue to publicize– their goals.
The Texas Equal Rights Association (TERA) was the first woman's suffrage association to be formed state-wide in Texas. The organization was founded in 1893 and was an affiliate of the National American Woman Suffrage Association. The TERA was meant to "advance the industrial, educational, and equal rights of women, and to secure suffrage to ...