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  2. Sodium amide - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sodium_amide

    One of the main advantages to the use of sodium amide is its relatively low nucleophilicity. In the industrial production of indigo , sodium amide is a component of the highly basic mixture that induces cyclisation of N -phenylglycine .

  3. Nucleophilic aromatic substitution - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nucleophilic_aromatic...

    The mechanism of S N 2 reaction does not occur due to steric hindrance of the benzene ring. In order to attack the C atom, the nucleophile must approach in line with the C-LG (leaving group) bond from the back, where the benzene ring lies. It follows the general rule for which S N 2 reactions occur only at a tetrahedral carbon atom.

  4. Nucleophile - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nucleophile

    A hydroxide ion acting as a nucleophile in an S N 2 reaction, converting a haloalkane into an alcohol. In chemistry, a nucleophile is a chemical species that forms bonds by donating an electron pair. All molecules and ions with a free pair of electrons or at least one pi bond can act as nucleophiles. Because nucleophiles donate electrons, they ...

  5. Nucleophilic substitution - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nucleophilic_substitution

    For a S N 2 reaction, an aprotic solvent is best, such as acetone, DMF, or DMSO. Aprotic solvents do not add protons (H + ions) into solution; if protons were present in S N 2 reactions, they would react with the nucleophile and severely limit the reaction rate. Since this reaction occurs in one step, steric effects drive the reaction speed. In ...

  6. Chichibabin reaction - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chichibabin_reaction

    Following the addition elimination mechanism first a nucleophilic NH 2 − is added while a hydride (H −) is leaving. The reaction formally is a nucleophilic substitution of hydrogen S N H. Ciganek describes an example of an intramolecular Chichibabin reaction in which a nitrile group on a fused ring is the source of nitrogen in amination. [2]

  7. Nucleophilic addition - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nucleophilic_addition

    When a nucleophile X − adds to an alkene, the driving force is the transfer of negative charge from X to the electron-poor unsaturated-C=C- system. This occurs through the formation of a covalent bond between X and one carbon atom, concomitant with the transfer of electron density from the pi bond onto the other carbon atom (step 1). [1]

  8. Quizlet - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quizlet

    Quizlet was founded in October 2005 by Andrew Sutherland, who at the time was a 15-year old student, [2] and released to the public in January 2007. [3] Quizlet's primary products include digital flash cards , matching games , practice electronic assessments , and live quizzes.

  9. Acyl group - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acyl_group

    While nucleophilic acyl substitution reactions can be base-catalyzed, the reaction will not occur if the leaving group is a stronger base than the nucleophile (i.e. the leaving group must have a higher pK a than the nucleophile). Unlike acid-catalyzed processes, both the nucleophile and the leaving group exist as anions under basic conditions.