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These methods are often more time-consuming than entering the values into a VCF calculator; however, due to the variance in methodology and computation of constants, the tables published by the American Petroleum Institute are preferred when dealing with the purchase and sale of crude oil and residual fuels.
PE – petroleum engineer; PE – professional engineer; PE – production engineer; PE – polyethylene; PE – product emulsion; PE – production enhancement; PEA – palaeo environment study report; PED – pressure equipment directive; PEDL – petroleum exploration and development licence (United Kingdom) PEFS – process engineering flow ...
ASTM International, formerly known as American Society for Testing and Materials, is a standards organization that develops and publishes voluntary consensus technical international standards for a wide range of materials, products, systems and services. Some 12,575 apply globally.
There are advantages to field testing and on-board conversion of measured volumes to volume correction. This method is detailed in ASTM D287. [4] The hydrometer method is a standard technique for directly measuring API gravity of petroleum and petroleum products. [5]
A crude oil assay is the chemical evaluation of crude oil feedstocks by petroleum testing laboratories. Each crude oil type has unique molecular and chemical characteristics. No two crude oil types are identical and there are crucial differences in crude oil quality.
The aniline point (ASTM D611 [13]) is of considerable value in the characterization of petroleum products. The aniline point measure of the ability of the base oil to act as a solvent and is determined from the temperature at which equal volumes of aniline and the base stock are soluble High aniline points (approximately 100°C or greater ...
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ASTM method D4007 [2] or API Manual of Petroleum Measurement Standards chapter 10.4 [3] are commonly used to measure BS&W. These methods both consist of mixing equal volumes of solvent and crude oil then centrifuging in order to separate any solids, free water, or suspended particles.