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2. Aerial application - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aerial_application

   Most notably, in 2009, the European Union prohibited aerial spraying of pesticides with a few highly-restricted exceptions in article 9 of Directive 2009/128/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council establishing a framework for Community action to achieve the sustainable use of pesticides, which effectively ended most aerial application ...

3. Agricultural wastewater treatment - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agricultural_wastewater...

   Pesticides are widely used by farmers to control plant pests and enhance production, but chemical pesticides can also cause water quality problems. Pesticides may appear in surface water due to: direct application (e.g. aerial spraying or broadcasting over water bodies) runoff during rain storms; aerial drift (from adjacent fields). [3]: p.2–22

4. Environmental impact of pesticides - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Environmental_impact_of...

   A smaller content of organic matter in the soil increases the amount of pesticide that will leave the area of application, because organic matter binds to and helps break down pesticides. [58] Degradation and sorption are both factors which influence the persistence of pesticides in soil.

5. Ultra-low volume - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ultra-low_volume

   Ultra-low volume (ULV) application of pesticides has been defined as spraying at a Volume Application Rate (VAR) of less than 5 L/ha for field crops or less than 50 L/ha for tree/bush crops. VARs of 0.25 – 2 L/ha are typical for aerial ULV application to forest or migratory pests.

6. Spray (liquid drop) - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spray_(liquid_drop)

   Herbicides, insecticides and pesticides are spray applied to soil or plant foliage to distribute and disperse these materials. See aerial application, pesticide application, sprayer. The control of spray characteristics is critical to provide the coverage of foliage and to minimize off target drifting of the spray to adjacent areas. (pesticide ...

7. Pesticide application - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pesticide_application

   A manual backpack-type sprayer Space treatment against mosquitoes using a thermal fogger Grubbs Vocational College students spraying Irish potatoes. Pesticide application is the practical way in which pesticides (including herbicides, fungicides, insecticides, or nematode control agents) are delivered to their biological targets (e.g. pest organism, crop or other plant).

8. Pesticide drift - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pesticide_drift

   The USDA and EPA are working together to examine new studies and how to improve scientific models to estimate the exposure, risk, and drift of pesticides. [34] The EPA is also working with pesticide manufacturers to ensure labels are easy to read, contain the correct application process and DRT for that specific pesticide.

9. Agricultural pollution - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agricultural_pollution

   Leaching is affected by the soil, the pesticide, and rainfall and irrigation. Leaching is most likely to happen if using a water-soluble pesticide, when the soil tends to be sandy in texture; if excessive watering occurs just after pesticide application; if the adsorption ability of the pesticide to the soil is low.