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  2. Comparison of programming languages (functional programming)

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comparison_of_programming...

    A function. May be unary or n-ary (or always unary for languages without n-ary functions). func1, func2, etc. functions of specific arity. func (with no number) is the same as func1, also known as a projection in many languages. pred Unary function returning a Boolean value. (ML type: 'a -> bool) (C-like type: bool pred < T > (T t)). list The ...

  3. Map (higher-order function) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Map_(higher-order_function)

    The map function originated in functional programming languages. The language Lisp introduced a map function called maplist [3] in 1959, with slightly different versions already appearing in 1958. [4] This is the original definition for maplist, mapping a function over successive rest lists:

  4. Logistic map - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Logistic_map

    For example: 2 ⋅ ⁠ 2 13 − 1 − 1 / 13 ⁠ = 630 is the number of cycles of length 13. Since this case of the logistic map is chaotic for almost all initial conditions, all of these finite-length cycles are unstable.

  5. Sigmoid function - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sigmoid_function

    ISBN 978-0-07-042807-2.. (NB. In particular see "Chapter 4: Artificial Neural Networks" (in particular pp. 96–97) where Mitchell uses the word "logistic function" and the "sigmoid function" synonymously – this function he also calls the "squashing function" – and the sigmoid (aka logistic) function is used to compress the outputs of the ...

  6. Bump function - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bump_function

    Then the map : defined by () = (‖ ‖) is a smooth function that is positive on and vanishes off of . [1] For every , let = {| | : , …, =}, where this supremum is not equal to + (so is a non-negative real number) because () ¯ =, the partial derivatives all vanish (equal ) at any outside of , while on the compact set ¯, the values of each ...

  7. Positive and negative parts - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Positive_and_negative_parts

    The converse, though, does not necessarily hold: for example, taking f as =, where V is a Vitali set, it is clear that f is not measurable, but its absolute value is, being a constant function. The positive part and negative part of a function are used to define the Lebesgue integral for a real-valued function.

  8. Python syntax and semantics - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Python_syntax_and_semantics

    Python supports normal floating point numbers, which are created when a dot is used in a literal (e.g. 1.1), when an integer and a floating point number are used in an expression, or as a result of some mathematical operations ("true division" via the / operator, or exponentiation with a negative exponent). Python also supports complex numbers ...

  9. Fold (higher-order function) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fold_(higher-order_function)

    Folds can be regarded as consistently replacing the structural components of a data structure with functions and values. Lists, for example, are built up in many functional languages from two primitives: any list is either an empty list, commonly called nil ([]), or is constructed by prefixing an element in front of another list, creating what is called a cons node ( Cons(X1,Cons(X2,Cons ...