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The risk for symptomatic infection is directly related to age, with more than 80% of adults having symptoms compatible with acute viral hepatitis and the majority of children having either asymptomatic or unrecognized infections. [16] Symptoms usually last less than 2 months, although some people can be ill for as long as 6 months: [17] Fatigue ...
Many patients, once started on long-term immunosuppressive therapy, will remain on that treatment for life. Common practice is to discontinue immunosuppressive therapy after two or more years of normalized transaminases and IgG. However, approximately 90% of patients with autoimmune hepatitis will relapse after treatment has been stopped.
Obesity predicts a worse long-term outcome than for lean individuals. [127] [128] In the Asia-Pacific region, about 25% of MASLD cases progress to MASH under three years, but only a low proportion (3.7%) develop advanced liver fibrosis. [7] An international study showed that people with MASLD with advanced fibrosis had a 10-year survival rate ...
The symptoms of latent autoimmune diabetes in adults are similar to those of other forms of diabetes: polydipsia (excessive thirst and drinking), polyuria (excessive urination), and often blurred vision. [15] Compared to juvenile type 1 diabetes, the symptoms develop comparatively slowly, over a period of at least six months. [16]
Hepatitis D is a defective virus that requires hepatitis B to replicate and is only found with hepatitis B co-infection. [17] In adults, hepatitis B infection is most commonly self-limiting, with less than 5% progressing to chronic state, and 20 to 30% of those chronically infected developing cirrhosis or liver cancer. [30]
Hepatitis A virus causes self-limited acute hepatitis. [6] Hepatitis B and C have similar symptoms as hepatitis A but onsets later when the stage reaches chronic liver cirrhosis. [6] [14] Hepatitis D virus, as a satellite virus, can only infect hepatitis B patients thus their complications are similar, only more aggressive. [15]
The list of conditions associated with chronic liver disease is extensive and can be categorised in the following way: [3]. Viral causes. Hepatitis B; Hepatitis C; Cytomegalovirus (CMV), Epstein Barr virus (EBV), and yellow fever viruses cause acute hepatitis.
Viral hepatitis is liver inflammation due to a viral infection. [1] [2] It may present in acute form as a recent infection with relatively rapid onset, or in chronic form, typically progressing from a long-lasting asymptomatic condition up to a decompensated hepatic disease and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). [3]