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In mathematics, the radical symbol, radical sign, root symbol, radix, or surd is a symbol for the square root or higher-order root of a number.
A symbol for square roots, written as an elaborate R, was invented by Regiomontanus (1436–1476). An R was also used for radix to indicate square roots in Gerolamo Cardano's Ars Magna. [18] According to historian of mathematics D.E. Smith, Aryabhata's method for finding the square root was first introduced in Europe by Cataneo—in 1546.
Radical expression involving roots, also known as an nth root; Radical symbol (√), used to indicate the square root and other roots; Radical of an algebraic group, a concept in algebraic group theory; Radical of an ideal, an important concept in abstract algebra; Radical of a ring, an ideal of "bad" elements of a ring
The following table lists many specialized symbols commonly used in modern mathematics, ordered by their introduction date. The table can also be ordered alphabetically by clicking on the relevant header title.
An unresolved root, especially one using the radical symbol, is sometimes referred to as a surd [2] or a radical. [3] Any expression containing a radical, whether it is a square root, a cube root, or a higher root, is called a radical expression , and if it contains no transcendental functions or transcendental numbers it is called an algebraic ...
In 1637 Descartes was the first to unite the German radical sign √ with the vinculum to create the radical symbol in common use today. [8] The symbol used to indicate a vinculum need not be a line segment (overline or underline); sometimes braces can be used (pointing either up or down). [9]
The space diagonal of the unit cube is √ 3. Distances between vertices of a double unit cube are square roots of the first six natural numbers, including the square root of 3 (√7 is not possible due to Legendre's three-square theorem) This projection of the Bilinski dodecahedron is a rhombus with diagonal ratio √ 3.
Pages in category "Mathematical symbols" The following 41 pages are in this category, out of 41 total. ... Radical symbol; S. Symbols for zero; T. Tetractys ...