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William Lane Craig (born 1949), who revived the Kalam cosmological argument during the 20th and 21st centuries. The Kalam cosmological argument is a modern formulation of the cosmological argument for the existence of God. It is named after the Kalam (medieval Islamic scholasticism) from which many of its key ideas originated. [1]
The Kalam argument concludes that the universe had a cause, but Craig further argues that the cause must be a person. [55] First, Craig argues that the best way to explain the origin of a temporal effect with a beginning from an eternally existing cause is if that cause is a personal agent endowed with free will.
The Kalām Cosmological Argument is a 1979 book by the philosopher William Lane Craig, in which the author offers a contemporary defense of the Kalām cosmological argument and argues for the existence of God, with an emphasis on the alleged metaphysical impossibility of an infinite regress of past events. First, Craig argues that the universe ...
A cosmological argument can also sometimes be referred to as an argument from universal causation, an argument from first cause, the causal argument or the prime mover argument. The concept of causation is a principal underpinning idea in all cosmological arguments, particularly in affirming the necessity for a First Cause .
Other prominent defenders of Reformed epistemology include William Lane Craig, William Alston, Michael C. Rea, and Michael Bergmann. [9] The argument from a proper basis is an ontological argument for the existence of God related to fideism.
William Lane Craig, The Kalam Cosmological Argument, 1979; Alvin Plantinga, "Is Belief in God Properly Basic?", 1981; Jean-Luc Marion, God Without Being, 1982; J. L. Mackie, The Miracle of Theism: Arguments for and against the Existence of God, 1982; John Hick, An Interpretation of Religion: Human Responses to the Transcendent, 1989/2004
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[3] [4] [5] Many atheist philosophers have argued against the idea of the Universe having a beginning – the universe might simply have existed for all eternity, but with the emerging evidence of the Big Bang theory, both theists and physicists have viewed it as capable of being explained by theism; [6] [7] a popular philosophical argument for ...