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An outline of key instrumentation is shown on Process Flow Diagrams (PFD) which indicate the principal equipment and the flow of fluids in the plant. Piping and Instrumentation Diagrams (P&ID) provide details of all the equipment (vessels, pumps, etc), piping and instrumentation on the plant in a symbolic and diagrammatic form.
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*** Benzene is a carcinogen (cancer-causing agent). *** Very flammable. The pure material, and any solutions containing it, constitute a fire risk. Safe handling: Benzene should NOT be used at all unless no safer alternatives are available. If benzene must be used in an experiment, it should be handled at all stages in a fume cupboard.
Correct isomer => resonance form (the benzene structure itself has no isomers) 06:58, 20 August 2009: 1,600 × 900 (121 KB) Matthias M. more space between sp2 and hybridized orbitals: 06:56, 20 August 2009: 1,600 × 900 (121 KB) Matthias M. structural → molecular formula separated sp2 into own text-field: 06:35, 20 August 2009: 1,600 × 900 ...
The following other wikis use this file: Usage on de.wikibooks.org Organische Chemie für Schüler/ Aromatische Kohlenwasserstoffe; Organische Chemie für Schüler/ Druckversion
English: VB mixing diagram of benzene. The Kekulé structures are mutually transformable by the D 6h point group operations C 2, σ v and i; a linear combination produces a ground A 1g state and the first excited B 2u state. Ref. Sason S. Shaik; Phillipe C. Hiberty (2008). A Chemist's Guide to Valence Bond Theory.
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Structural diagrams of the BTX hydrocarbons. In the petroleum refining and petrochemical industries, the initialism BTX refers to mixtures of benzene , toluene , and the three xylene isomers , all of which are aromatic hydrocarbons .