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99942 Apophis (provisional designation 2004 MN 4) is a near-Earth asteroid and a potentially hazardous object, 450 metres (1,480 ft) by 170 metres (560 ft) in size, [3] that caused a brief period of concern in December 2004 when initial observations indicated a probability of 2.7% that it would hit Earth on Friday, 13 April 2029.
(481482) 2007 CA 19 is a sub-kilometer asteroid, classified as near-Earth object and potentially hazardous asteroid of the Apollo group. It led the impact hazard list, with a Torino Scale impact risk value of 1, for one week, ending on February 19, 2007. Before and after 2007 CA 19, 99942 Apophis was the object with the highest Palermo Scale ...
The only numbered objects with observation arcs of several years are (29075) 1950 DA and 101955 Bennu. [1] Notable asteroids removed from Sentry include (most recently removed listed first): 99942 Apophis, (410777) 2009 FD, 2006 QV 89, 2017 XO 2, 1994 WR 12, 2007 VK 184, 2013 BP 73, 2008 CK 70, 2013 TV 135, 2011 BT 15, 367943 Duende, and 2011 AG 5.
One example of such a follow-up observation was for 3671 Dionysus by UKIRT, the world's largest infrared telescope at the time (1997). [64] A second example was the 2013 ESA Herschel Space Observatory follow-up observations of 99942 Apophis, which showed it was 20% larger and 75% more massive than previously estimated. [65]
Observations during the August 2022 close approach were expected to ascertain whether the asteroid will impact or miss Earth in 2095. [95] As of April 2024 [update] , the risk of the 2095 impact was put at 1 in 10, still the highest, with a Palermo Scale rating of −2.98.
A series of later, more accurate observations of 99942 Apophis, combined with the recovery of previously unseen data, revised the odds of a collision in 2036 as being virtually nil, and effectively ruled it out. [52]
A number of potential threats have been identified, such as 99942 Apophis (previously known by its provisional designation 2004 MN 4), which in 2004 temporarily had an impact probability of about 3% for the year 2029. Additional observations revised this probability down to zero. [57]
It gained some public interest when it became clear, in January 2005, that the asteroid 99942 Apophis would miss the Earth in 2029 but may go through one or another keyhole leading to impacts in 2036 or 2037. Further research has since been done, however, which revealed the probability of Apophis passing through the keyhole was extremely low. [1]