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The Targowica Confederation (Polish: konfederacja targowicka, IPA: [kɔnfɛdɛˈrat͡sja tarɡɔˈvit͡ska], Lithuanian: Targovicos konfederacija) was a confederation established by Polish and Lithuanian magnates on 27 April 1792, in Saint Petersburg, with the backing of the Russian Empress Catherine II. [1]
Franciszek Ksawery Branicki (1730–1819) was a Polish nobleman, magnate, French count, diplomat, politician, military commander, and one of the leaders of the Targowica Confederation. Many consider him to have been a traitor who participated with the Russians in the dismemberment of his nation.
The Polish–Russian War of 1792 (also, War of the Second Partition, [3] and in Polish sources, War in Defence of the Constitution [a] [4]) was fought between the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth on one side, and the Targowica Confederation (conservative nobility of the Commonwealth opposed to the new Constitution of 3 May 1791) and the Russian Empire under Catherine the Great on the other.
Ignacy Massalski, Bishop of Vilnius and the first chairman, was removed from this post in 1776 because of alleged financial misdemeanour; he subsequently became a leading member of the Targowica Confederation Hugo Kołłątaj reformed Cracow Academy during 1777–1780 Ignacy Potocki – chairman of the Society for Elementary Books
To that end these magnates formed the Targowica Confederation. [19] The Confederation's proclamation, prepared in St. Petersburg in January 1792, criticized the constitution for contributing to, in their own words, "contagion of democratic ideas" following "the fatal examples set in Paris".
The nobility's Targowica Confederation appealed to the Empress for help and in May 1792 the Russian army entered the territory of the Commonwealth. The defensive war fought by the forces of the Commonwealth ended when the King , convinced of the futility of resistance, capitulated by joining the Targowica Confederation.
Targowica confederation. Pages in category "Targowica confederates" The following 22 pages are in this category, out of 22 total.
Szymon Marcin Kossakowski (Lithuanian: Simonas Martynas Kosakovskis; 1741 in Šilai, Jonava – 1794) was a Polish–Lithuanian nobleman , and one of the leaders of the Targowica Confederation. In 1793, he became the last Grand Hetman of Lithuania.