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The dipole magnetic field created by this permanent moment has a strength of 719 ± 2 nT at Ganymede's equator, [23] which should be compared with the Jovian magnetic field at the distance of Ganymede—about 120 nT. [95] The equatorial field of Ganymede is directed against the Jovian field, meaning reconnection is possible. The intrinsic field ...
Ganymede is the largest natural satellite in the Solar System at 5262.4 kilometers in diameter, which makes it larger than the planet Mercury – although only at about half of its mass [42] since Ganymede is an icy world.
To support an Earth-like atmosphere for about 4.6 billion years (Earth's current age), a moon with a Mars-like density is estimated to need at least 7% of Earth's mass. [20] One way to decrease loss from sputtering is for the moon to have a strong magnetic field of its own that can deflect stellar wind and radiation belts.
Planetary-mass moons larger than Pluto, the largest Solar dwarf planet. A planetary-mass moon is a planetary-mass object that is also a natural satellite. They are large and ellipsoidal (sometimes spherical) in shape. Moons may be in hydrostatic equilibrium due to tidal or radiogenic heating, in some cases forming a subsurface ocean.
The Galileo orbiter found that Europa has a weak magnetic moment, which is induced by the varying part of the Jovian magnetic field. The field strength at the magnetic equator (about 120 nT) created by this magnetic moment is about one-sixth the strength of Ganymede's field and six times the value of Callisto's. [87]
The magnetic field is about 1.1% as strong as Earth's. [10] At the Hermean equator, the relative strength of the magnetic field is around 300 nT, which is weaker than that of Jupiter's moon Ganymede. [13] Mercury's magnetic field is weaker than Earth's because its core had cooled and solidified more quickly than Earth's. [14]
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In 2014, a magnetic field around HD 209458 b was inferred from the way hydrogen was evaporating from the planet. [20] [21] In 2019, the strength of the surface magnetic fields of 4 hot Jupiters were estimated and ranged between 20 and 120 gauss compared to Jupiter's surface magnetic field of 4.3 gauss.