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  2. Current density - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Current_density

    Since charge is conserved, current density must satisfy a continuity equation. Here is a derivation from first principles. [9] The net flow out of some volume V (which can have an arbitrary shape but fixed for the calculation) must equal the net change in charge held inside the volume:

  3. Continuity equation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Continuity_equation

    The continuity equation says that if charge is moving out of a differential volume (i.e., divergence of current density is positive) then the amount of charge within that volume is going to decrease, so the rate of change of charge density is negative. Therefore, the continuity equation amounts to a conservation of charge.

  4. Probability current - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Probability_current

    As in those fields, the probability current (i.e. the probability current density) is related to the probability density function via a continuity equation. The probability current is invariant under gauge transformation.

  5. Charge conservation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charge_conservation

    This is called the charge density continuity equation + = The term on the left is the rate of change of the charge density ρ at a point. The term on the right is the divergence of the current density J at the same point. The equation equates these two factors, which says that the only way for the charge density at a point to change is for a ...

  6. Conservation law - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conservation_law

    In the general case a conservation equation can be also a system of this kind of equations (a vector equation) in the form: [10]: 43 + = where y is called the conserved (vector) quantity, ∇y is its gradient, 0 is the zero vector, and A(y) is called the Jacobian of the current density.

  7. Four-current - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Four-current

    In special and general relativity, the four-current (technically the four-current density) [1] ... This is the continuity equation. In general relativity, the ...

  8. Conserved current - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conserved_current

    In physics a conserved current is a current, , that satisfies the continuity equation =.The continuity equation represents a conservation law, hence the name. Indeed, integrating the continuity equation over a volume , large enough to have no net currents through its surface, leads to the conservation law =, where = is the conserved quantity.

  9. Mathematical descriptions of the electromagnetic field

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mathematical_descriptions...

    Since d 2 = 0, the 3-form J satisfies the conservation of current (continuity equation): = = The current 3-form can be integrated over a 3-dimensional space-time region. The physical interpretation of this integral is the charge in that region if it is spacelike, or the amount of charge that flows through a surface in a certain amount of time ...