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Mathematical optimization. Graph of a surface given by z = f ( x, y) = − ( x ² + y ²) + 4. The global maximum at ( x, y, z) = (0, 0, 4) is indicated by a blue dot. Nelder-Mead minimum search of Simionescu's function. Simplex vertices are ordered by their values, with 1 having the lowest ( best) value. Mathematical optimization ...
Minimax (sometimes Minmax, MM[ 1] or saddle point[ 2]) is a decision rule used in artificial intelligence, decision theory, game theory, statistics, and philosophy for minimizing the possible loss for a worst case ( max imum loss) scenario. When dealing with gains, it is referred to as "maximin" – to maximize the minimum gain.
Economic order quantity. Economic order quantity ( EOQ ), also known as financial purchase quantity or economic buying quantity, [citation needed] is the order quantity that minimizes the total holding costs and ordering costs in inventory management. It is one of the oldest classical production scheduling models.
Calculus. The calculus of variations (or variational calculus) is a field of mathematical analysis that uses variations, which are small changes in functions and functionals, to find maxima and minima of functionals: mappings from a set of functions to the real numbers. [ a] Functionals are often expressed as definite integrals involving ...
Economic batch quantity. In inventory management, Economic Batch Quantity (EBQ), also known as Optimum Batch Quantity (OBQ) is a measure used to determine the quantity of units that can be produced at the minimum average costs in a given batch or product run. EBQ is basically a refinement of the economic order quantity (EOQ) model to take into ...
As outlined in the article of Latin squares, this is a Latin square of order . Now, to yield a Sudoku, let us permute the rows (or equivalently the columns) in such a way, that each block is redistributed exactly once into each block – for example order them ,,,,,. This of course preserves the Latin square property.
Zero-sum game is a mathematical representation in game theory and economic theory of a situation that involves two competing entities, where the result is an advantage for one side and an equivalent loss for the other. [ 1] In other words, player one's gain is equivalent to player two's loss, with the result that the net improvement in benefit ...
Order of operations. In mathematics and computer programming, the order of operations is a collection of rules that reflect conventions about which operations to perform first in order to evaluate a given mathematical expression . These rules are formalized with a ranking of the operations. The rank of an operation is called its precedence, and ...