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Colorized scanning electron micrograph of a human neutrophil ingesting MRSA. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a group of gram-positive bacteria that are genetically distinct from other strains of Staphylococcus aureus. MRSA is responsible for several difficult-to-treat infections in humans.
It is important to include a mouthwash and nasal spray as individuals commonly carry MRSA in the nose, mouth, and throat. Chlorhexidine is a disinfectant that is used to disinfect skin prior to surgery, [6] surgical instrument sterilization, and in hand disinfectants in healthcare settings. In the mouthwash form, it is commonly used for gingivitis.
Other aspects include surveillance, monitoring, and investigating and managing suspected outbreaks of infection within a healthcare setting. [citation needed] A subsidiary aspect of infection control involves preventing the spread of antimicrobial-resistant organisms such as MRSA.
3D medical animation still shot of osteomyelitis bone This 2005 scanning electron micrograph (SEM) depicts numerous clumps of methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) bacteria. While S. aureus usually acts as a commensal bacterium , asymptomatically colonizing about 30% of the human population, it can sometimes cause disease. [ 3 ]
Special equipment is used in the management of patients in the various forms of isolation. These most commonly include items of personal protective equipment (gowns, masks, and gloves) and engineering controls (positive pressure rooms, negative pressure rooms, laminar air flow equipment, and various mechanical and structural barriers). [2]
ESKAPE is an acronym comprising the scientific names of six highly virulent and antibiotic resistant bacterial pathogens including: Enterococcus faecium, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Enterobacter spp. [1] The acronym is sometimes extended to ESKAPEE to include Escherichia coli. [2]
Its role in therapy has been largely replaced by oxacillin (used for clinical antimicrobial susceptibility testing), flucloxacillin and dicloxacillin, but the term methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) continues to be used to describe S. aureus strains resistant to all penicillins.
The diagnosis of vancomycin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (VRSA) is performed by performing susceptibility testing on a single S. aureus isolate to vancomycin. This is accomplished by first assessing the isolate's minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) using standard laboratory methods, including disc diffusion, gradient strip diffusion, and automated antimicrobial susceptibility testing ...