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In Western Europe during the Early Middle Ages, bishops sponsored cathedral schools and monasteries sponsored monastic schools, chiefly dedicated to the education of clergy. The earliest evidence of a European episcopal school is that established in Visigothic Spain at the Second Council of Toledo in 527. [40]
This is a list of extant schools, excluding universities and higher education establishments, that have been in continuous operation since founded. The dates refer to the foundation or the earliest documented contemporaneous reference to the school.
The first schools in Ancient Rome arose by the middle of the 4th century BC. In Europe, during the Early Middle Ages, the monasteries of the Roman Catholic Church were the centers of education and literacy, preserving the Church's selection from Latin learning and maintaining the art of writing. In the Islamic civilization that spread all the ...
While Europe had 143 universities in 1789, the French Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars took a heavy toll, reducing the number to 83 by 1815. The universities of France were abolished [6] and over half of the universities in both Germany and Spain were destroyed. By the mid 19th century, Europe had recovered to 98 universities. [106]
The list of medieval universities comprises universities (more precisely, studia generalia) which existed in Europe during the Middle Ages. [3] It also includes short-lived foundations and European educational institutions whose university status is a matter of debate.
Monastic schools (Latin: Scholae monasticae) were, along with cathedral schools, the most important institutions of higher learning in the Latin West from the early Middle Ages until the 12th century. [1] Since Cassiodorus's educational program, the standard curriculum incorporated religious studies, the Trivium, and the Quadrivium.
Education in ancient Rome progressed from an informal, familial system of education in the early Republic to a tuition-based system during the late Republic and the Empire. The Roman education system was based on the Greek system – and many of the private tutors in the Roman system were enslaved Greeks or freedmen.
The ancient universities are seven British and Irish medieval universities and early modern universities founded before the year 1600. [1] Four of these are located in Scotland ( Edinburgh , Glasgow , Aberdeen , and St Andrews ), two in England ( Oxford , and Cambridge ), and one in Ireland ( Dublin ).