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The optic disc appears abnormally small, because not all the optic nerve axons have developed properly. [1] It is often associated with endocrinopathies (hormone deficiencies), developmental delay, and brain malformations. [2] The optic nerve, which is responsible for transmitting visual signals from the retina to the brain, has approximately 1 ...
The morning glory disc anomaly (MGDA) is a congenital deformity resulting from failure of the optic nerve to completely form in utero. [1] The term was coined in 1970 by Kindler, noting a resemblance of the malformed optic nerve to the morning glory flower. [2] The condition is usually unilateral. [3]
Developmental delays are more common in children with bilateral optic nerve hypoplasia than those with unilateral optic nerve hypoplasia. [6] Bilateral optic nerve hypoplasia is also associated with a more severe disease course. [7] There may be nystagmus (involuntary eye movements, often side-to-side). [6] In cases of bilateral optic nerve ...
Chart 1 is the basic version, which is the most familiar and widely used chart among all the charts. In this chart the grid consists of 0.5 cm squares (each for 1° visual field), which totally measures 10 cm X 10 cm size. Most commonly grid is in white color with black background. [3]
The optic nerve can be damaged when exposed to direct or indirect injury. Direct optic nerve injuries are caused by trauma to the head or orbit that crosses normal tissue planes and disrupts the anatomy and function of the optic nerve; e.g., a bullet or forceps that physically injures the optic nerve.
Ocular disc dysplasia is the most notable ocular defect of the disease. An abnormal development in the optic stalk causes optic disc dysplasia, which is caused by a mutation in the Pax2 gene. [4] The nerve head typically resembles the morning glory disc anomaly, but has also been described as a coloboma. [4]
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Pages in category "Disorders of optic nerve and visual pathways" The following 15 pages are in this category, out of 15 total. This list may not reflect recent changes .