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Figure 2: Weight (W), the frictional force (F r), and the normal force (F n) acting on a block.Weight is the product of mass (m) and the acceleration of gravity (g).In the case of an object resting upon a flat table (unlike on an incline as in Figures 1 and 2), the normal force on the object is equal but in opposite direction to the gravitational force applied on the object (or the weight of ...
The normal force can point downwards. The normal force can point downwards. Considering that the object is a person sitting inside a plane moving in a circle, the two forces (weight and normal force) will point down only when the plane reaches the top of the circle. The reason for this is that the normal force is the sum of the tangential force ...
Each element is associated with a vector dA of magnitude equal to the area of the element and with direction normal to the element and pointing "outward" (with respect to the orientation of the surface). For a loop of wire in a magnetic field, the magnetic flux Φ B is defined for any surface Σ whose boundary is the given loop.
the magnetic field B changes (e.g. an alternating magnetic field, or moving a wire loop towards a bar magnet where the B field is stronger), the wire loop is deformed and the surface Σ changes, the orientation of the surface dA changes (e.g. spinning a wire loop into a fixed magnetic field), any combination of the above
The ground loop constitutes a conductive wire loop which may have a large area of several square meters. According to Faraday's law of induction, any time-varying magnetic flux passing through the loop induces an electromotive force (EMF) in the loop, causing a time varying current to flow.
The current induced in a circuit due to a change in a magnetic field is directed to oppose the change in flux and to exert a mechanical force which opposes the motion. Lenz's law is contained in the rigorous treatment of Faraday's law of induction (the magnitude of EMF induced in a coil is proportional to the rate of change of the magnetic flux ...
The dipole moment of this loop is =, where S is the area of the loop. The direction of the magnetic moment is in a direction normal to the area enclosed by the current consistent with the direction of the current using the right hand rule.
The Lorentz force of the magnetic field on the electrons in the metal induces a sideways current under the magnet. The magnetic field, acting on the sideways moving electrons, creates a Lorentz force opposite to the velocity of the sheet, which acts as a drag force on the sheet.