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The structure of a general cyanohydrin. In organic chemistry, a cyanohydrin or hydroxynitrile is a functional group found in organic compounds in which a cyano and a hydroxy group are attached to the same carbon atom. The general formula is R 2 C(OH)CN, where R is H, alkyl, or aryl.
Acetone cyanohydrin (ACH) is an organic compound used in the production of methyl methacrylate, the monomer of the transparent plastic polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), also known as acrylic. It liberates hydrogen cyanide easily, so it is used as a source of such.
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In organic chemistry, a cyanohydrin reaction is an organic reaction in which an aldehyde (−CH=O) or ketone (>C=O) reacts with a cyanide anion ...
Chloral cyanohydrin is the cyanohydrin derivative of chloral (trichloroacetaldehyde). It was historically used as a source of hydrogen cyanide for medicinal purposes. [1]
Ethylene oxide easily reacts with hydrogen cyanide forming ethylene cyanohydrin: (CH 2 CH 2)O + HCN → HO–CH 2 CH 2 –CN. A slightly chilled (10–20 °C) aqueous solution of calcium cyanide can be used instead of HCN: [38] 2 (CH 2 CH 2)O + Ca(CN) 2 + 2 H 2 O → 2 HO–CH 2 CH 2 –CN + Ca(OH) 2. Ethylene cyanohydrin easily loses water ...
In transhydrocyanation, an equivalent of HCN is transferred from a cyanohydrin, e.g. acetone cyanohydrin, to another activated HCN acceptor. The transfer is an equilibrium process, initiated by base. The reaction can be driven by trapping or a superior acceptor, such as an aldehyde. [9]
Cyanohydrins are sources of highly toxic hydrogen cyanide.The substance is classified as an extremely hazardous substance in the United States as defined in Section 302 of the U.S. Emergency Planning and Community Right-to-Know Act (42 U.S.C. 11002), and is subject to strict reporting requirements by facilities which produce, store, or use it in significant quantities.