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The general idea behind modern antiviral drug design is to identify viral proteins, or parts of proteins, that can be disabled. [11] [13] These "targets" should generally be as unlike any proteins or parts of proteins in humans as possible, to reduce the likelihood of side effects and toxicity. [8]
Ensitrelvir is being studied for its potential use as post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) after SARS-CoV-2 exposure. [19] [20] The SCORPIO-PEP trial is a global Phase 3 trial that will evaluate the safety and efficacy of the drug in preventing symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection in household contacts of people who tested positive for COVID-19.
The most common side effects include reactions at the injection site (in up to 84% of patients) such as pain and swelling, as well as headache (up to 12%) and fever or feeling hot (in 10%). Less common side effects (under 10%) are depressive disorders, insomnia, rashes, [12] fatigue, musculoskeletal pain, nausea, sleep disorders, and dizziness. [3]
Nirmatrelvir/ritonavir is under investigation, so its side effects have yet to be fully evaluated and may not be completely known. [ 19 ] Other side effects of nirmatrelvir/ritonavir may include hypersensitivity reactions , liver toxicity , and development of HIV drug resistance in people with uncontrolled or undiagnosed HIV infection .
Ensitrelvir also seems to have fewer side effects than Paxlovid, which is known for its bad aftertaste and long list of drug interactions, says Stefan Sarafianos, a professor at Emory University ...
Creatine, a popular workout supplement, has shown some myostatin inhibitory effects in preclinical studies. [6] Many drugs in development as myostatin inhibitors also reduce the activity of related proteins such as GDF11, activins, and bone morphogenetic proteins. While this off target activity can increase their effectiveness in promoting ...
The drug was also shown to reduce the viral load at day 4 in treated patients compared to the placebo group. Side effects were mostly mild and infrequent, with the most common being nausea (1.5% vs. 0.2%) and skin rash (3.3% vs. 0.3%), which occurred more often in the olgotrelvir group.
Nelfinavir belongs to the class of drugs known as protease inhibitors (PIs) and like other PIs is almost always used in combination with other antiretroviral drugs. Nelfinavir is an orally bioavailable human immunodeficiency virus HIV-1 protease inhibitor (K i = 2 nM) and is widely prescribed in combination with HIV reverse transcriptase ...