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  2. Nephron - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nephron

    Cortical nephrons can be subdivided into superficial cortical nephrons and midcortical nephrons. [9] Juxtamedullary nephrons [further explanation needed] start low in the cortex near the medulla and have a long loop of Henle which penetrates deeply into the renal medulla: only they have their loop of Henle surrounded by the vasa recta.

  3. Kidney - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kidney

    Urology addresses diseases of kidney (and urinary tract) anatomy: these include cancer, renal cysts, kidney stones and ureteral stones, and urinary tract obstruction. [7] The word “renal” is an adjective meaning “relating to the kidneys”, and its roots are French or late Latin. Whereas according to some opinions, "renal" should be ...

  4. Kidney (vertebrates) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kidney_(vertebrates)

    The nephrons of the mammalian kidneys have loops of Henle, which are the most efficient way to reabsorb water and produce concentrated urine to conserve water in the body. [12] The mammalian kidneys combine both nephrons with a short and nephrons with a long loop of Henle. [77] The medulla is divided into outer and inner regions.

  5. Mammalian kidney - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mammalian_kidney

    Renal fibrosis is the result of failed kidney healing and associated with renal dysfunction, [206] but it was suggested that it might support survival of non-injured and partially injured nephrons. [207] Chronic kidney injury is characterized by fibrosis, scarring, and loss of tissue function. [48]

  6. Collecting duct system - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Collecting_duct_system

    The collecting duct system of the kidney consists of a series of tubules and ducts that physically connect nephrons to a minor calyx or directly to the renal pelvis.The collecting duct participates in electrolyte and fluid balance through reabsorption and excretion, processes regulated by the hormones aldosterone and vasopressin (antidiuretic hormone).

  7. Juxtaglomerular apparatus - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juxtaglomerular_apparatus

    The juxtaglomerular apparatus is part of the kidney nephron, next to the glomerulus. It is found between afferent arteriole and the thick ascending limb of the loop of Henle (distal straight tubule) of the same nephron. This location is critical to its function in regulating renal blood flow and glomerular filtration rate. [2] [3]

  8. Urinary system - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urinary_system

    In the human urinary system there are two kidneys that are located between the dorsal body wall and parietal peritoneum on both the left and right sides. The formation of urine begins within the functional unit of the kidney, the nephrons. Urine then flows through the nephrons, through a system of converging tubules called collecting ducts.

  9. Glomerulus (kidney) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glomerulus_(kidney)

    Renal corpuscle showing glomerulus and glomerular capillaries Figure 2: (a) Diagram of the juxtaglomerular apparatus: it has specialized cells working as a unit which monitor the sodiujuxtaglomerular apparatus: it has three types of specm content of the fluid in the distal convoluted tubule (not labelled - it is the tubule on the left) and adjust the glomerular filtration rate and the rate of ...