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  2. Cast iron pipe - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cast_iron_pipe

    Cast iron pipe was superseded by ductile iron pipe, which is a direct development, with most existing manufacturing plants transitioning to the new material during the 1970s and 1980s. Ductile iron pipe is different than cast iron, because the introduction of magnesium during the casting process causes the graphite to form spheres (graphite ...

  3. CISBOT - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CISBOT

    Many cast-iron pipes installed over a century ago have joints of jute sealed with lead that deteriorate over time and are often the causes of cast-iron pipe failure. [2] Jute was an effective joint sealant when the pipes carried coal-based town gas, but natural gas, used since the 1950s in New York [3] and the 1970s in the UK, [citation needed] dries out the jute.

  4. Centrifugal casting (industrial) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Centrifugal_casting...

    Video of concrete pipe production. Centrifugal casting or rotocasting is a casting technique that is typically used to cast thin-walled cylinders. It is typically used to cast materials such as metals, glass, and concrete. A high quality is attainable by control of metallurgy and crystal structure.

  5. American Cast Iron Pipe Company - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Cast_Iron_Pipe...

    American Cast Iron Pipe Company at the Stuart A. Rose Manuscript, Archives, and Rare Book Library Historic American Engineering Record (HAER) No. AL-35, " American Cast Iron Pipe Company, 1501 Thirty-first Avenue North, Birmingham, Jefferson County, AL ", 2 photos, 3 data pages, 1 photo caption page

  6. Hazen–Williams equation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hazen–Williams_equation

    The equation for head loss in pipes, also referred to as slope, S, expressed in "feet per foot of length" vs. in 'psi per foot of length' as described above, with the inside pipe diameter, d, being entered in feet vs. inches, and the flow rate, Q, being entered in cubic feet per second, cfs, vs. gallons per minute, gpm, appears very similar.

  7. Cast iron - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cast_iron

    Cast iron is made from pig iron, which is the product of melting iron ore in a blast furnace. Cast iron can be made directly from the molten pig iron or by re-melting pig iron, [4] often along with substantial quantities of iron, steel, limestone, carbon (coke) and taking various steps to remove undesirable contaminants.

  8. Ductile iron pipe - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ductile_iron_pipe

    The energy consumed in manufacturing ductile iron pipe was 19.55 MJ per kg and volume of emissions released during manufacture was 1.430 kg CO 2 per kg, compared to 68.30 MJ per kg of energy and 4.860 kg CO 2 per kg emissions for PVC pipes, and 1.24 MJ per kg and 0.148 kg CO 2 per kg for concrete pipes of the same diameter.

  9. Cement-mortar lined ductile iron pipe - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cement-mortar_lined...

    Cement-mortar lined ductile iron pipe is a ductile iron pipe with cement lining on the inside surface, and is commonly used for water distribution. Cement-mortar lined ductile iron pipe is governed by standards set forth by DIPRA ( Ductile Iron Pipe Research Association ), and was first used in 1922 in Charleston, South Carolina .

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