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Open bite is a type of orthodontic malocclusion which has been estimated to occur in 0.6% of the people in the United States. This type of malocclusion has no vertical overlap or contact between the anterior incisors. [1] The term "open bite" was coined by Carevelli in 1842 as a distinct classification of malocclusion.
An open bite malocclusion is when the upper teeth don't overlap the lower teeth. When this malocclusion occurs at the front teeth it is known as anterior open bite. An open bite is difficult to treat due to multifactorial causes, with relapse being a major concern. This is particularly so for an anterior open bite. [58]
2.c Anterior or posterior crossbite with ≤1mm discrepancy between retruded contact position and intercuspal position 2.d Displacement of teeth >1mm but ≤2mm 2.e Anterior or posterior open bite >1mm but ≤2mm 2.f Increased overbite ≥3.5mm (without gingival contact) 2.g Pre-normal or post-normal occlusions with no other anomalies.
Profitt stated that only the posterior teeth are the ones to be affected and all the teeth which are distal to the affected tooth are also affected. Both permanent and primary teeth may equally be affected. This often results in posterior open bite in patients mouth who have primary failure of eruption.
An open bite is a condition where the upper and lower teeth do not meet or bite in the correct position. Unlike an overbite or underbite, there is no overlapping of teeth, giving an impression of the teeth appearing “open”. A mild case of open bite can be treated with Invisalign, a popular orthodontic treatment using clear aligners.
An orthodontic patient can present with different types of malocclusion and facial growth patterns. Intrusion of teeth can be used in patients with deep bite cases who may have a vertical or a horizontal growth pattern or open bite cases which may involve intrusion of posterior teeth.
Non-eruption of non-ankylosed teeth occurs due to an eruption mechanism that has failed leading to a posterior unilateral/bilateral open bite. [28] Infra occlusion is the primary hallmark of PFE. Primary teeth are most commonly affected and normally all teeth distal to the most mesially affected tooth will show characteristics of this disease.
Biting on the blocks in this manner resulted in a significant posterior open bite such as seen in Figure 9, a complication that occurred in about 30% of the initial Twin Block cases. To address this, the angulation of the bite blocks was modified to 45° to the occlusal plane, effectively guiding the mandible forward.
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