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Autoimmune inner ear disease (AIED) was first defined by Dr. Brian McCabe in a landmark paper describing an autoimmune loss of hearing. [2] The disease results in progressive sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) that acts bilaterally and asymmetrically, and sometimes affects an individual's vestibular system .
The hearing loss is commonly mixed and can be of any degree when first identified. The conductive component is due to a third window effect caused by the widened vestibular aqueduct. During an audiologic assessment, an air-bone gap in the low frequencies can occur due to the enlarged vestibular aqueduct acting as a third mobile window. Hearing ...
The cause is often not clear. It may be due to a virus, but it can also arise from bacterial infection, head injury, extreme stress, an allergy, or as a reaction to medication. 30% of affected people had a common cold prior to developing the disease. [1] Either bacterial or viral labyrinthitis can cause a permanent hearing loss in rare cases. [7]
Vestibular schwannoma, erroneously known as Acoustic neuromas, and other types of brain tumours can cause hearing loss by infringement of the tumour on the vestibulocochlear nerve; Viral diseases of the ear can cause sensorineural hearing loss usually as the consequence of labyrinthitis. The person may be generally unwell at the time.
Ototoxicity-induced hearing loss typically impacts the high frequency range, affecting above 8000 Hz prior to impacting frequencies below. [8] There is not global consensus on measuring severity of ototoxicity-induced hearing loss as there are many criteria available to define and measure ototoxicity-induced hearing loss.
The usual symptoms are tinnitus, ataxia, difficulty with coordination, vertigo, nausea, vomiting, and hearing loss. [ 10 ] [ 11 ] It is not unusual for other symptoms of decompression sickness to be present simultaneously, which can make diagnosis easier, but sometimes only vestibular symptoms manifest.
The hearing loss and ringing in the ears can become constant over time. [4] The cause of Ménière's disease is unclear, but likely involves both genetic and environmental factors. [1] [3] A number of theories exist for why it occurs, including constrictions in blood vessels, viral infections, and autoimmune reactions. [3]
This results in swelling that can lead to hearing loss or changes in hearing perception. It is a form of endolymphatic hydrops and related to Ménière's disease. Cochlear hydrops refers to a case of inner-ear hydrops that only involves auditory symptoms and does not cause vestibular issues. [1]