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Ning Li (physicist) Ning Li (Chinese: 李宁, pinyin: Lǐ Níng; January 14, 1943 – July 27, 2021) was a Chinese American scientist. Born in Shandong, she graduated from the Department of Physics of Peking University, and in 1983 she emigrated with her family from China to the United States. [1] She is known for her physics and anti-gravity ...
The Alignment Problem: Machine Learning and Human Values is a 2020 non-fiction book by the American writer Brian Christian.It is based on numerous interviews with experts trying to build artificial intelligence systems, particularly machine learning systems, that are aligned with human values.
The intelligence modalities. The theory of multiple intelligences (MI) proposes the differentiation of human intelligence into specific intelligences, rather than defining intelligence as a single, general ability. [1] The theory has been criticized for its lack of empirical evidence, its dependence on subjective judgement and its overall ...
In theory, classic RNNs can keep track of arbitrary long-term dependencies in the input sequences. The problem with classic RNNs is computational (or practical) in nature: when training a classic RNN using back-propagation, the long-term gradients which are back-propagated can "vanish", meaning they can tend to zero due to very small numbers creeping into the computations, causing the model to ...
The concepts of fluid intelligence ( gf) and crystallized intelligence ( gc) were introduced in 1943 by the psychologist Raymond Cattell. [1] [2] [3] According to Cattell's psychometrically -based theory, general intelligence ( g) is subdivided into gf and gc. Fluid intelligence is the ability to solve novel reasoning problems and is correlated ...
The parieto-frontal integration theory ( P-FIT) considers intelligence to relate to how well different brain regions integrate to form intelligent behaviors. The theory proposes that large scale brain networks connect brain regions, including regions within frontal, parietal, temporal, and cingulate cortices, underlie the biological basis of ...
The Triarchic Theory of Intelligence or Three Forms of Intelligence, [1] formulated by psychologist Robert Sternberg, aims to go against the psychometric approach to intelligence and take a more cognitive approach, which leaves it to the category of the cognitive-contextual theories. [2] The three meta components are also called triarchic ...
Another theory that tries to explain the growth of human intelligence is the reduced aggression theory (aka self-domestication theory). According to this strand of thought, what led to the evolution of advanced intelligence in Homo sapiens was a drastic reduction of the aggressive drive. This change separated us from other species of monkeys ...