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HTTP Strict Transport Security ( HSTS) is a policy mechanism that helps to protect websites against man-in-the-middle attacks such as protocol downgrade attacks [ 1] and cookie hijacking. It allows web servers to declare that web browsers (or other complying user agents) should automatically interact with it using only HTTPS connections, which ...
Transport Layer Security ( TLS) is a cryptographic protocol designed to provide communications security over a computer network. The protocol is widely used in applications such as email, instant messaging, and voice over IP, but its use in securing HTTPS remains the most publicly visible. The TLS protocol aims primarily to provide security ...
The port numbers in the range from 0 to 1023 (0 to 2 10 − 1) are the well-known ports or system ports. [3] They are used by system processes that provide widely used types of network services. On Unix-like operating systems, a process must execute with superuser privileges to be able to bind a network socket to an IP address using one of the ...
Server Message Block ( SMB) is a communication protocol [ 1] used to share files, printers, serial ports, and miscellaneous communications between nodes on a network. On Microsoft Windows, the SMB implementation consists of two vaguely named Windows services: "Server" (ID: LanmanServer) and "Workstation" (ID: LanmanWorkstation ). [ 2]
Server Name Indication ( SNI) is an extension to the Transport Layer Security (TLS) computer networking protocol by which a client indicates which hostname it is attempting to connect to at the start of the handshaking process. [ 1] The extension allows a server to present one of multiple possible certificates on the same IP address and TCP ...
The Secure Shell Protocol ( SSH) is a cryptographic network protocol for operating network services securely over an unsecured network. [ 1] Its most notable applications are remote login and command-line execution. SSH was designed for Unix-like operating systems as a replacement for Telnet and unsecured remote Unix shell protocols, such as ...
Google carried out a number of exploratory experiments to characterize this and found that only a small number of connections were blocked in this manner. [3] This led to the use of a rapid fallback-to-TCP system; Chromium 's network stack opens both a QUIC and traditional TCP connection at the same time, which allows it to fall back with ...
The Secure Real-time Transport Protocol ( SRTP) is a profile for Real-time Transport Protocol (RTP) intended to provide encryption, message authentication and integrity, and replay attack protection to the RTP data in both unicast and multicast applications. It was developed by a small team of Internet Protocol and cryptographic experts from ...