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Chlorine can be manufactured by the electrolysis of a sodium chloride solution ( brine ), which is known as the Chloralkali process. The production of chlorine results in the co-products caustic soda ( sodium hydroxide, NaOH) and hydrogen gas (H 2 ). These two products, as well as chlorine itself, are highly reactive.
A cooling bath or ice bath, in laboratory chemistry practice, is a liquid mixture which is used to maintain low temperatures, typically between 13 °C and −196 °C. These low temperatures are used to collect liquids after distillation, to remove solvents using a rotary evaporator, or to perform a chemical reaction below room temperature (see ...
Sodium chloride / ˌ s oʊ d i ə m ˈ k l ɔːr aɪ d /, [8] commonly known as edible salt, is an ionic compound with the chemical formula NaCl, representing a 1:1 ratio of sodium and chlorine ions. It is transparent or translucent, brittle, hygroscopic , and occurs as the mineral halite .
The chloralkali process (also chlor-alkali and chlor alkali) is an industrial process for the electrolysis of sodium chloride (NaCl) solutions. It is the technology used to produce chlorine and sodium hydroxide (caustic soda), [ 1] which are commodity chemicals required by industry. Thirty five million tons of chlorine were prepared by this ...
The reaction can be written as: −OCl + H+ ⇌ HOCl. Sodium hypochlorite solutions combined with acid evolve chlorine gas, particularly strongly at pH < 2, by the reactions: HOCl (aq) + Cl− + H+ ⇌ Cl2(aq) + H2O. Cl2(aq) ⇌ Cl2(g) At pH > 8, the chlorine is practically all in the form of hypochlorite anions ( OCl− ).
Salt (chemistry) The crystal structure of sodium chloride, NaCl, a typical salt. The purple spheres represent sodium cations, Na +, and the green spheres represent chloride anions, Cl −. The yellow stipples show the electrostatic forces. In chemistry, a salt or ionic compound is a chemical compound consisting of an assembly of positively ...
Solution (chemistry) Making a saline water solution by dissolving table salt ( NaCl) in water. The salt is the solute and the water the solvent. In chemistry, a solution is a special type of homogeneous mixture composed of two or more substances. In such a mixture, a solute is a substance dissolved in another substance, known as a solvent.
The process of electrochlorination is a simple application based on the chloralkali process (in an unpartitioned cell). It is the electrolysis of saltwater to produce a chlorinated solution. The first step is removing any solids from the saltwater. Next, the saltwater streams through an electrolyzer cell's channel of decreasing thickness.