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Indian mathematics emerged and developed in the Indian subcontinent [1] from about 1200 BCE [2] until roughly the end of the 18th century CE (approximately 1800 CE). In the classical period of Indian mathematics (400 CE to 1200 CE), important contributions were made by scholars like Aryabhata, Brahmagupta, Bhaskara II, Varāhamihira, and Madhava.
260 BC – Greece, Archimedes proved that the value of π lies between 3 + 1/7 (approx. 3.1429) and 3 + 10/71 (approx. 3.1408), that the area of a circle was equal to π multiplied by the square of the radius of the circle and that the area enclosed by a parabola and a straight line is 4/3 multiplied by the area of a triangle with equal base ...
The second, Pāṭīgaṇita-sāra, also called Triśatikā ("Having 300") because it was written in three hundred verses, is an abridged summary of Pāṭīgaṇita. [1] It discusses counting of numbers, natural number, zero, measures, multiplication, fraction, division, squares, cubes, rule of three , interest-calculation, joint business or ...
[188] [189] Later, the 6th-century astronomer Varahamihira discovered a few basic trigonometric formulas and identities, such as sin^2(x) + cos^2(x) = 1. [ 190 ] Mean value theorem – A special case of this theorem for inverse interpolation of the sine was first described by Parameshvara (1380–1460), from the Kerala School of Astronomy and ...
The treatise also provides values of π, [106] which Chinese mathematicians originally approximated as 3 until Liu Xin (d. 23 AD) provided a figure of 3.1457 and subsequently Zhang Heng (78–139) approximated pi as 3.1724, [113] as well as 3.162 by taking the square root of 10.
4.3.1 Kerala School of Mathematics and Astronomy. 4.3.2 Navya-Nyāya (Neo-Logical) ... View history; General What links here; Related changes; Upload file; Special pages;
Many easily stated number problems have solutions that require sophisticated methods, often from across mathematics. A prominent example is Fermat's Last Theorem . This conjecture was stated in 1637 by Pierre de Fermat, but it was proved only in 1994 by Andrew Wiles , who used tools including scheme theory from algebraic geometry , category ...
[3] Many of the problems are addressed to Līlāvatī herself, who must have been a very bright young woman. For example "Oh Līlāvatī, intelligent girl, if you understand addition and subtraction, tell me the sum of the amounts 2, 5, 32, 193, 18, 10, and 100, as well as [the remainder of] those when subtracted from 10000."