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A ray through the unit hyperbola x 2 − y 2 = 1 at the point (cosh a, sinh a), where a is twice the area between the ray, the hyperbola, and the x-axis. For points on the hyperbola below the x-axis, the area is considered negative (see animated version with comparison with the trigonometric (circular) functions).
Hypograph of a function. In mathematics, the hypograph or subgraph of a function: is the set of points lying on or below its graph.A related definition is that of such a function's epigraph, which is the set of points on or above the function's graph.
Graphs of the inverse hyperbolic functions The hyperbolic functions sinh, cosh, and tanh with respect to a unit hyperbola are analogous to circular functions sin, cos, tan with respect to a unit circle. The argument to the hyperbolic functions is a hyperbolic angle measure.
A standard method of evaluating the secant integral presented in various references involves multiplying the numerator and denominator by sec θ + tan θ and then using the substitution u = sec θ + tan θ. This substitution can be obtained from the derivatives of secant and tangent added together, which have secant as a common factor. [6]
The y-axis ordinates of A, B and D are sin θ, tan θ and csc θ, respectively, while the x-axis abscissas of A, C and E are cos θ, cot θ and sec θ, respectively. Signs of trigonometric functions in each quadrant. Mnemonics like "all students take calculus" indicates when sine, cosine, and tangent are positive from quadrants I to IV. [8]
An infinite-fold abelian covering graph of a finite (multi)graph is called a topological crystal, an abstraction of crystal structures. For example, the diamond crystal as a graph is the maximal abelian covering graph of the four-edge dipole graph. This view combined with the idea of "standard realizations" turns out to be useful in a ...
Epigraph of a function A function (in black) is convex if and only if the region above its graph (in green) is a convex set.This region is the function's epigraph. In mathematics, the epigraph or supergraph [1] of a function: [,] valued in the extended real numbers [,] = {} is the set = {(,) : ()} consisting of all points in the Cartesian product lying on or above the function's graph. [2]
Bipartite graph, a graph without odd cycles (cycles with an odd number of vertices) Cactus graph, a graph in which every nontrivial biconnected component is a cycle; Cycle graph, a graph that consists of a single cycle; Chordal graph, a graph in which every induced cycle is a triangle; Directed acyclic graph, a directed graph with no directed ...