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Renal ultrasonography (Renal US) is the examination of one or both kidneys using medical ultrasound. Ultrasonography of the kidneys is essential in the diagnosis and management of kidney-related diseases. The kidneys are easily examined, and most pathological changes in the kidneys are distinguishable with ultrasound.
Papillary renal cell carcinoma (PRCC) is a malignant, heterogeneous tumor originating from renal tubular epithelial cells of the kidney, which comprises approximately 10-15% of all kidney neoplasms. [1] Based on its morphological features, PRCC can be classified into two main subtypes, which are type 1 and type 2 (eosinophilic). [2]
Lesion Characterization: contrast-enhanced ultrasound plays a role in the differentiation between benign and malignant focal liver lesions. This differentiation relies on the observation [ 15 ] or processing [ 16 ] [ 17 ] of the dynamic vascular pattern in a lesion with respect to its surrounding tissue parenchyma .
Gross appearance of a renal oncocytoma (left of image) and a slice of a normal kidney (right of image). Note the rounded contour, the mahogany colour and the central scar. In gross appearance, the tumors are tan or mahogany brown, well circumscribed and contain a central scar. They may achieve a large size (up to 12 cm in diameter).
The diagnostic process includes taking a medical history, a physical exam, and a series of tests including blood, urine, and imaging tests. [19] Once Wilms' tumor is suspected, an ultrasound scan is usually done first to confirm the presence of an intrarenal mass. [19] A computed tomography scan or MRI scan can also be used for more detailed ...
The RENAL Nephrometry Scoring System is used to measure the complexity of kidney tumors for determining whether a renal mass is appropriate for partial or radical nephrectomy, and is estimated by CT scan as follows: [7] The nephrometery score takes into account the size of the tumor (Radius), how much of the tumor is inside or outside of the ...
This includes homogenous, high-attenuation (60–70 Hounsfield units [3]) lesions less than 3 cm with sharp margins but without enhancement. Hyperdense cysts must be exophytic with at least 75 percent of its wall outside the kidney to allow for appropriate assessment of margins, otherwise they are categorized as IIF. [6]
Medical imaging, such as abdominal ultrasound, may be used to distinguish a Sister Mary Joseph nodule from another kind of mass. [ 2 ] Gastrointestinal malignancies account for about half of underlying sources (most commonly gastric cancer , colonic cancer or pancreatic cancer , mostly of the tail and body of the pancreas [ 3 ] ), and men are ...