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In psychology and cognitive science, a schema (pl.: schemata or schemas) describes a pattern of thought or behavior that organizes categories of information and the relationships among them. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] It can also be described as a mental structure of preconceived ideas, a framework representing some aspect of the world, or a system of ...
In 1973 Simon and Chase were the first to use the term "chunk" to describe how people might organize information in short-term memory. [10] This chunking of memory components has also been described as schema construction. [citation needed] In the late 1980s John Sweller developed cognitive load theory (CLT) while studying problem solving. [2]
Schemas can be described as mental guidelines (scripts) for events that are encountered in daily life. [16] For example, when going to the gas station, there is a general pattern of how things will occur (i.e. turn car off, get out of car, open gas tank, punch the gas button, put nozzle into the tank, fill up the tank, put the nozzle back ...
One theory of social cognition is social schema theory, although it is not the basis of all social cognition studies (for example, see attribution theory). [11] Social schema theory builds on and uses terminology from schema theory in cognitive psychology, which describes how ideas or "concepts" are represented in the mind and how they are ...
Schema modes are momentary mind states which every human being experiences at one time or another. [8] A schema mode consists of a cluster of schemas and coping styles. Life situations that a person finds disturbing or offensive, or arouse bad memories, are referred to as "triggers" that tend to activate schema modes.
Text world theory and schema theory seek to help people understand how we process language and create mental representations when we read or listen to something. [1] This theory figuratively describes a piece of language (such as a text, a speech or conversation) as a "world" that the reader, hearer or interlocutor must "build" in their mind. [ 2 ]
Categorization is a type of cognition involving conceptual differentiation between characteristics of conscious experience, such as objects, events, or ideas.It involves the abstraction and differentiation of aspects of experience by sorting and distinguishing between groupings, through classification or typification [1] [2] on the basis of traits, features, similarities or other criteria that ...
For example, one may metaphorically use the term out to describe non-spatial experiences: (4) Leave out that big log when you stack the firewood. (Schema used directly and non-metaphorically.) (4a) I don't want to leave any relevant data out of my argument. (Schema metaphorically projected onto argumentation.)