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The Fenian dynamite campaign (also known as the Fenian bombing campaign) was a campaign of political violence orchestrated by Irish republican paramilitary groups in Great Britain from 1881 to 1885.
After the failure of the rebellion of 1867 and of the raids on Canada in 1866 and 1870, many American Fenians were disillusioned about any campaign to counter the British presence in Ireland. However, Alfred Nobel's 1866 invention of dynamite appeared to some members as the remedy for the ailing 'physical-force' movement.
Sim, David. "Filibusters, Fenians, and a Contested Neutrality: The Irish Question and US Diplomacy, 1848–1871." American Nineteenth Century History 12.3 (2011): 265–287. Stacey, Charles Perry. "Fenianism and the Rise of National Feeling in Canada at the Time of Confederation." Canadian Historical Review 12.3 (1931): 238–261.
The whole of Ireland had been under British rule since the end of the Nine Years' War in 1603. The Irish Republican Brotherhood (IRB) was founded on 17 March 1858 with the aim of establishing an independent republic in Ireland, and the Fenian Brotherhood, ostensibly the American wing of the IRB, was founded in New York City in 1859.
Fenian Raids: Fenian Brotherhood: 1867 United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, England, and Canada: Fenian Rising: Fenian Brotherhood 1881–85 United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland Fenian dynamite campaign: Fenian Brotherhood 1882–83 United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland (Dublin) and British Cape Colony
Once there, Thomas Kelly (who ousted James Stephens as head of the Irish Republican Brotherhood) sent him to England to purchase arms, but funding was hampered by Fenian divisions in the U.S. He returned to New York in 1866, and was back in Ireland at the start of 1867 for the Fenian rising (in charge of Waterford), which was a failure. [3]
Rossa took up residence in New York City, where he joined Clan na Gael and the Fenian Brotherhood. Rossa additionally established his own newspaper dedicated to the cause of Irish independence from British rule, The United Irishman. [12] In it Rossa advocated the use of explosives such as dynamite as a means of overthrowing British rule in ...
The word Fenian (/ ˈ f iː n i ə n /) served as an umbrella term for the Irish Republican Brotherhood (IRB) and their affiliate in the United States, the Fenian Brotherhood. They were secret political organisations in the late 19th and early 20th centuries dedicated to the establishment of an independent Irish Republic .