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  2. Crusades - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crusades

    The Crusades were a series of religious wars initiated, supported, and sometimes directed by the Western European Christians in the medieval period.The best known of these military expeditions are those to the Holy Land between 1095 and 1291 that had the objective of reconquering Jerusalem and its surrounding area from Muslim rule after the region had been conquered by the Rashidun Caliphate ...

  3. First Crusade - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_Crusade

    The first of these is Crusades, [191] [137] by French historian Louis R. Bréhier, appearing in the Catholic Encyclopedia, based on his L'Église et l'Orient au Moyen Âge: Les Croisades. [192] The second is The Crusades, [193] by English historian Ernest Barker, in the Encyclopædia Britannica (11th edition). Collectively, Bréhier and Barker ...

  4. Crusading movement - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crusading_movement

    It became a site of Christian pilgrimage, and one of the goals of the Crusades was to recover it from Muslim rule. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] The crusading movement encompasses the framework of ideologies and institutions that described, regulated, and promoted the Crusades .

  5. People's Crusade - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/People's_Crusade

    The People's Crusade was the beginning phase of the First Crusade whose objective was to retake the Holy Land, and Jerusalem in particular, from Islamic rule. In 1095, after the head of the Roman Catholic Church Pope Urban II started to urge faithful Christians to undertake an armed pilgrimage to Jerusalem, the People's Crusade was conducted for roughly six months from April to October 1096.

  6. Chronology of the Crusades, 1095–1187 - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chronology_of_the_Crusades...

    The history of the Crusades begins with the advent of Christian pilgrimage to the Holy Land combined with the rise of Islam and its subsequent conquest of Jerusalem. [2] 326. Saint Helena, mother of Constantine the Great, travels to the Holy Land. [3] She returns with Holy relics and begins a tradition of Christian pilgrimage. [4] After 334.

  7. Chronology of the Crusades, 1187–1291 - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chronology_of_the_Crusades...

    6 June. The Crusades capture the Egyptian city after the successful Siege of Damietta. [260] 22 November. Ayyubid sultan as-Salih Ayyub dies and is succeeded by his son Turanshah. [261] Approximate. The Tavastians are defeated in the Second Swedish Crusade. [262] 1250. Louis IX being taken prisoner at the Battle of Fariskur, in an 1850 painting ...

  8. A History of the Crusades - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A_History_of_the_Crusades

    First editions (publ. Cambridge University Press) A History of the Crusades by Steven Runciman, published in three volumes during 1951–1954 (vol.I - The First Crusade and the Foundation of the Kingdom of Jerusalem; vol. II - The Kingdom of Jerusalem and the Frankish East, 1100-1187; vol. III - The Kingdom of Accre and the Later Crusades), is an influential work in the historiography of the ...

  9. Siege of Jerusalem (1099) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siege_of_Jerusalem_(1099)

    Many other crusades were launched through time for various reasons and motives. Jerusalem remained in Christian hands for almost a century until the crusaders were defeated by Saladin at the Battle of Hattin in 1187, and three months later, the last defenders were expelled from the city. [10]