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Excommunication is intended to invite the person to change behaviour or attitude, repent, and return to full communion. [1] It is not an "expiatory penalty" designed to make satisfaction for the wrong done, much less a "vindictive penalty" designed solely to punish. Excommunication, which is the gravest penalty of all, is always "medicinal". [2]
Excommunication is an institutional act of religious censure used to deprive, ... This can happen for such reasons as not having confessed within that year ...
Excommunication is an ecclesiastical penalty placed on a person to encourage the person to return to the communion of the church. An excommunicated person cannot receive any sacraments or exercise an office within the church until the excommunication is lifted by a valid authority in the church (usually a bishop). Previously, other penalties ...
In 998, Robert II of France, who had been insisting on his right to appoint bishops, was ultimately forced to back down, and ultimately also to put aside his wife Bertha of Burgundy who had also been excommunicated. The stated reason was the degree of consanguinity between the two. Excommunicated by Pope Gregory V. [36]
Despite being excommunicated — a punishment not given even to many priests accused of sexual abuse, Tropeano noted — she still wants to be close to the institutional church. The altar rail is ...
The censures that the 1983 Code of Canon Law envisages are excommunication, interdict, and suspension. Excommunication prohibits participation in certain forms of liturgical worship and church governance. [5] Interdict involves the same liturgical restrictions as excommunication, but does not affect participation in church governance. [6]
A Catholic cleric may voluntarily request to be removed from the clerical state for a grave, personal reason. [7] Voluntary requests were, as of the 1990s, believed to be by far the most common means of this loss, and most common within this category was the intention to marry, as most Latin Church clergy must as a rule be celibate . [ 7 ]
Archbishop Carlo Maria Viganò, a former papal ambassador to the US who became an ultra-conservative critic of Pope Francis, has been excommunicated for schism.