Search results
Results from the WOW.Com Content Network
Proportional representation (PR) refers to any electoral system under which subgroups of an electorate are reflected proportionately in the elected body. [1] The concept applies mainly to political divisions (political parties) among voters. The aim of such systems is that all votes cast contribute to the result so that each representative in ...
Party-list proportional representation (list-PR) is a system of proportional representation based on preregistered political parties, with each party being allocated a certain number of seats roughly proportional to their share of the vote.
STV aims to approach proportional representation based on votes cast in the district where it is used, so that each vote is worth about the same as another. STV is a family of proportional multi-winner electoral systems whose results are equivalent to those produced by proportional representation election systems based
The principle of equal representation is expressed in slogan one man, one vote and relates to proportional representation. The seats-to-votes ratio is used as the basis for the Gallagher index method of analyzing proportionality or disproportionality.
Compared to ideal proportional representation, the D'Hondt method reduces somewhat the political fragmentation for smaller electoral district sizes, [1] where it favors larger political parties over small parties. [2] The method was first described in 1792 by American Secretary of State and later President of the United States Thomas Jefferson.
When apportioning seats in proportional representation, it is particularly important to avoid bias between large parties and small parties to avoid strategic voting. André Sainte-Laguë showed theoretically that the Sainte-Laguë method shows the lowest average bias in apportionment, [2] confirmed by different theoretical and empirical ways.
Mixed-member proportional representation (MMP or MMPR) is a type of representation provided by some mixed electoral systems which combine local winner-take-all elections with a compensatory tier with party lists, in a way that produces proportional representation overall.
A party-list proportional representation electoral system allocates a share of the seats in a legislature to a political party in proportion to its share of the votes, a task which is mathematically equivalent to establishing a share of surplus votes to be transferred to a hopeful candidate based on the overall vote for an eliminated candidate.