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The main purpose of a problem statement is to identify and explain the problem. [3] [4] Another function of the problem statement is as a communication device. [3] Before the project begins, stakeholders verify the problem and goals are accurately described in the problem statement. Once approved, the project reviews it.
The MSF was first proposed by John W. Kingdon to describe the agenda setting stage of the policy making process. [1] In developing his framework Kingdon took inspiration from the garbage can model of organizational choice, [2] which views organizations as anarchical processes resulting from the interaction of four streams: 1) choices, 2) problems, 3) solutions, and 4) energy from participants.
Still, the problems and solutions described in a pattern can vary in their level of abstraction and generality on the one side, and specificity on the other side. In the end this depends on the author's preferences. However, even a very abstract pattern will usually contain examples that are, by nature, absolutely concrete and specific.
In discussions of problem structuring methods, it is common to distinguish between two different types of situations that could be considered to be problems. [17] Rittel and Webber's distinction between tame problems and wicked problems (Rittel & Webber 1973) is a well known example of such types. [17]
The answer to a research question will help address a research problem or question. [5] Specifying a research question, "the central issue to be resolved by a formal dissertation, thesis, or research project," [6] is typically one of the first steps an investigator takes when undertaking research.
Problems in need of solutions range from simple personal tasks (e.g. how to turn on an appliance) to complex issues in business and technical fields. The former is an example of simple problem solving (SPS) addressing one issue, whereas the latter is complex problem solving (CPS) with multiple interrelated obstacles. [1]
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The situational theory of problem solving attempts to explain why and how an individual communicates during a problematic situation. The situational theory of problem solving (STOPS) was proposed by Jeong-Nam Kim and James E. Grunig in 2011 though their article “problem solving and communicative action: A situational theory of problem solving.”