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Microcephaly (from Neo-Latin microcephalia, from Ancient Greek μικρός mikrós "small" and κεφαλή kephalé "head" [2]) is a medical condition involving a smaller-than-normal head. [3] Microcephaly may be present at birth or it may develop in the first few years of life. [ 3 ]
[10] [11] However, an association has been established between normal variation in brain structure, as measured with MRI (i.e., primarily cortical surface area and total brain volume) but only in females, and common genetic variants within both the MCPH1 gene and another similarly studied microcephaly gene, CDK5RAP2.
Infants with GLUT1 deficiency syndrome have a normal head size at birth, but the growth of the brain and skull is slow, in severe cases resulting in an abnormally small head size (microcephaly). [4] Typically, seizures start between one and four months in 90% of cases with abnormal eye movements and apneic episodes preceding the onset of ...
Jaxon Strong was born with microhydranencephaly a form of microcephaly -- a birth defect that affects the brain and that has recently made headlines due to links to the Zika virus.
The symptoms of Filippi Syndrome can be congenital (apparent as an infant). [1] The occurrence and severity of such symptoms are variable across affected individuals. [1] [2] The progression of symptoms over one's lifetime has not been thoroughly studied due to the small number of people with Filippi Syndrome globally.
The main signs of achalasia microcephaly syndrome involve the manifestation of each individual disease associated with the condition. Microcephaly can be primary, where the brain fails to develop properly during pregnancy, or secondary, where the brain is normal sized at birth but fails to grow as the child ages. [2]
The combination of lissencephaly with severe congenital microcephaly is designated as microlissencephaly only when the cortex is abnormally thick. If such combination exists with a normal cortical thickness (2.5 to 3 mm [4]), it is known as "microcephaly with simplified gyral pattern" (MSGP). [5]
Mental retardation and microcephaly with pontine and cerebellar hypoplasia (MICPCH) – also known as mental retardation, X-linked, syndromic, Najm type (MRXSNA); X-linked intellectual deficit, Najm type; intellectual developmental disorder, X-linked, syndromic, Najm type; X-linked intellectual disability–microcephaly–pontocerebellar hypoplasia syndrome; and by variations of these terms ...